1. EuCARD-2 is co-funded by the partners and the European Commission under Capacities 7th Framework Programme, Grant Agreement 312453 EuCARD-2 WP-13 Status Second Annual Meeting ALBA, April 21-24 (2015)

2. WP13.2 : Novel Acceleration Technics ANAC2 is composed of 8 contractors, CNRS, DESY, UDUS, HZDR, INFN, LUND, STRATH, UCL. ANAC2 covers 4 tasks Task 13.1. Coordination and Communication (V. Malka) Coordination and scheduling of the WP tasks and WP budget follow-up Monitoring the work, informing the project management and participants within the JRA Task 13.2. Achievement of high brightness electron beam with laser plasma accelerators (O. Lundh) Feasibility study of external injection done at INFN and HFZD Optical injection done at LOA and LLC Two stage laser plasma accelerator done at STRATH Task 13.3. Ultra-fast accelerator science (H. Schlarb) Digital intra-bunch-train feedback for femtosecond arrival-time control of electron bunches Determine opportunistic effects causing slow and fast femtosecond bunch arrival time variations at FLASH Further improvements of the low level RF regulation system for pulse superconducting accelerators towards 2e-5 field instability Task 13.4. Modulation of long plasmas (M. Wing) Concept for plasma cells for beam acceleration with a length of equal or above 10m Understand instabilities and modulations in long plasma, driver and accelerated beam Prototyping and development of diagnostics for long plasma cells to be used in CERN experiment testing proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration

3. WP13.1 Communication

4. Potential topics/results for Accelerating News ERC Grants Supporting Alternative Accelerator Technologies, by V. Malka, M. E. Couprie, R. Assmann and T. Hind in Accelerating news, issue 10, summer 2014 3 Articles in H2020 portal : http://www.horizon2020publications.com/H5/ http://www.horizon2020publications.com/H4/ http://www.horizon2020publications.com/H3/ WP13.1 Communication

5. WP13.1 Events ANAC2 Attended events Title of eventDateVenueOutreach event? [Y/N] Atten dance Link to event or report (www.) First ANAC2 meeting 14/03/2013CERNY11anac2.eu Second ANAC2 Meeting 30/04/2014CERNY10anac2.eu SC EUCARD2 Annual meeting 19-21/05/14DESY/Hambou rg Y11anac2.eu Third ANAC2 Meeting 27/04/2014ALBA/Barcelo na Y10anac2.eu LPAW201511-17/04/15GuadeloupeY130lpaw2015.com

6. WP13.1 Events

7. WP13.2 Task 13.2. Achievement of high brightness electron beam with laser plasma accelerators (O. Lundh) Feasibility study of external injection done at INFN and HFZD Optical injection done at LOA and LLC Two stage laser plasma accelerator done at STRATH WP13.2 Results

8. WP13.2 INFN Results

13. WP13.2 HZDR Results

14. Compact electron beam final focusing system Parameters for Thomson and LWFA application at HZDR - Electron energy: 20 – 30 MeV - Energy spread rms: <0.02 - Divergence on target: <20 mrad - Emittance: 10-20  mm mrad (Thermionic gun) 1-5  mm mrad (SRF gun) Used codes: TRANSPORT and ELEGANT 40 cm TRANSPORT Simulation Code, SLAC-R-530 M. Borland, "elegant: A Flexible SDDS-Compliant Code for Accelerator Simulation,“ Advanced Photon Source LS-287, September 2000 20 cm WP13.2 HZDR Results

15. Design made with Opera 2D & 3D Permanent magnet material: Sm 2 Co 17 Field errors due to magnet errors Shunt for shimming Cobham Antenna Systems, Vector Fields Simulation Software, Kidlington, UK Harmonic content from 2D simulation Magnet design WP13.2 HZDR Results

16. Moving whole FFS in beam direction away from target will give the waist of the beam (parallel beam input) Lanex screen to determine beam size Later: wire scanner Accelerator setting was not good (large emittance), can still be optimized xy Emittance measurement on the interaction point WP13.2 HZDR Results

17. High intensity laser guiding in a plasma channel Input laser Toward diagnostics From DRACO laser system Guiding performance vs time 3 cm H 2 filled capillary Calculated vs measured laser matched spot size WP13.2 HZDR Results

18. Summary and Future Outlook Next steps: Laser-Thomson backscattering experiment (12 shifts distributed in May and June 2015) Simulation of external injection Submit beamtime application for LWFA with external electron injection (submission deadline December 2015) Achievement: Compact electron beam focusing system - ready and tested - further optimization on accelerator setting to match laser spot size Plasma channel (H 2 filled capillary discharge): - ready and characterized - high intensity laser guiding has been shown WP13.2 HZDR Results

19. Laser-plasma Bubble in a deep channel z / 0 0 -30 30 n e /n c E z, GV/m x / 0 0 -40 40 E z, GV/m Flat field region for monoenergetic acceleration Pukhov et al., PRL 113, 245003 (2014) 1.New scaling laws: much higher electron energies achievable 2.No focusing force: no betatron resonance, high quality acceleration 3.Monoenergetic acceleration possible WP 13.2 UDUS Bubble scaling laws

20. energy uncertainty in each slice 10 -3 1.1 kJ10 kJ 32 fs70 fs 10 64  m140  m 8 10 16 2 10 16 8 m80 m 98 GeV400 GeV Simulated Scaled Laser Plasma Pukhov et al., PRL 113, 245003 (2014) Longitudinal phase space of the witness bunch WP 13.2 UDUS Bubble scaling laws

21. WP 13.2 STRATH Injection/A two stage accelerator

22. WP 13.2 STRATH Injection/A two stage accelerator

23. WP 13.2 STRATH Injection/A two stage accelerator

24. WP 13.2 STRATH Injection/A two stage accelerator

25. WP13.2 LLC Results

26. Density Ramp Injection

27. WP13.2 LLC Results Combined gas targets

28. WP13.2 LLC Results Stable electron beams

29. WP13.2 LLC Results M. Hansson et al., submitted. Tuning peak energy and charge

30. WP13.2 LLC Results Tuning peak energy and charge

31. WP13.2 LLC Results Momentum compression

32. WP13.2 LOA Results

33. Shock Injection : experimental parameters

34. WP13.2 LOA Results Exploiting the shock front and the density jump to rephase electrons in the wakefield to rephase electrons in the wakefield

35. WP13.2 LOA Results

36. WP13.3 Ultra Fast Accelerator Science Task 13.3. Ultra-fast accelerator science (H. Schlarb) Digital intra-bunch-train feedback for femtosecond arrival-time control of electron bunches Determine opportunistic effects causing slow and fast femtosecond bunch arrival time variations at FLASH Further improvements of the low level RF regulation system for pulse superconducting accelerators towards 2e-5 field instability

37. WP13.1 DESY Results H. Schlarb, S. Pfeiffer, M. Fakhari (Machine Beam Controls, DESY) Goal/Question to be addressed: What is the ultimate time stability reached in large scale accelerators? Studies at FLASH (Free-electron LASer in Hamburg) Ultra-fast beam-based feedbacks for arrival time stabilization (~usec bunch spacing) – including bunch arrival time (BAM) and compression feedback (BCM)  key feature of all linear Superconducting RF accelerators GunACC1 3 rd ACC2ACC3ACC4ACC7 ~ ~ BAM BCM BAM Laser LLRF A A  A A  BC2 BC3 R56=180mm R56=43mm R56=0.8mm FLASH 1 FLASH 2 FLASH 3

38. WP13.2 DESY Results Technical design report on ultra-fast longitudinal feedback for FLASH Deliverable D13.1 – completed end of October 2014 4 main topics in TDR  https://edms.cern.ch/document/1325301/4 – Summary/Introduction – Simulation studies and requirements Analysis of current situation Requirements for sensor and actuator needed to perform ultra-fast feedback by NRF cavity – Normal conducting Radio Frequency (NRF) cavity design In-coupling loop NRF cavity cell design NRF cavity probe pick-up – Integration of NRF cavity at FLASH Location Additional hardware (frequency generation, high power amplifier, MicroTCA.4 based LLRF system)

39. WP13.2 DESY Results Current situation : NRF cavity design completed NRF cavity production - delayed – Manpower shortage (vacuum group) for DESY internal production (PETRA upgrade, XFEL completion) – Reaction: Got two offers from external companies However due to vacuum requirements negotiation with vacuum group required – Currently in-house production drawings are close to be completed (expected Q2/2015) – Next steps: launch order for NRF cavity production (Q2/2015) RF feedback control electronics – Layout done, procurement has started Upgrade of bunch arrival time monitors to MicroTCA.4 standard – Necessary for NRF cavity operation  acts as sensor for feedback loop – New hardware and software development completed Q4/2015

40. WP13.4 : Modulation of Long Plasmas Task 13.4. Modulation of long plasmas (M. Wing) Concept for plasma cells for beam acceleration with a length of equal or above 10m Understand instabilities and modulations in long plasma, driver and accelerated beam Prototyping and development of diagnostics for long plasma cells to be used in CERN experiment testing proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration

41. WP13.4 AWAKE Results AWAKE experiment is a CERN-approved project to demonstrate proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration for the first time. Use 400 GeV SPS proton beam to drive wakefield in ~10 m long plasma. Proton beam will self-modulate into many microbunches which will drive a wakefield. A witness 10−20 MeV electron bunch will be injected and accelerated. Expect O(GeV) electron acceleration over plasma column. Proof-of-principle experiment with lots to learn on plasma physics, acceleration techniques, etc. which could lead to a future high-energy collider. Baseline design of SPS configuration

42. Proton beam parameters Electron beam parameters CERN SPS beam, once every 7−30 s CNGS target area Higher bunch charge (×3) compared to normal PHIN photoinjector from CTF2 Laser beams parameters Laser needed for photoinjector and to ionise plasma and seed the wakefield. WP13.4 AWAKE Beams Requirements

43. WP13.4 AWAKE Optimised beam configuration Increased beam population gives higher wakefields and SPS can deliver 3 × 10 11 Expect wakefields up to ~ 1 GV/m Electrons injected “on-axis”, i.e. collinear with proton beam. K.V. Lotov, V.A. Minakov and A.P. Sosedkin, Phys. Plasmas 21 (2014) 083107

44. WP 13.4 AWAKE Plasma cells Default plasma cell is Rubidium vapour in temperature-controlled system. Oil-heated surrounds provide temperature and hence density stability. Variations measured to be within about 0.1 K, well within 0.5 K needed. Also investigating use of cells which could scale to longer lengths: Discharge cell which is based on a pulsed argon plasma produced in a glass tube. Prototypes of 3 m are under test Helicon cell which uses RF power circuits for each excitation antenna to ionise the plasma. Prototype of 1 m has been operated at AWAKE densities. E. Öz, F. Batsch and P. Muggli, IPAC2014 Proc., p.1522; E. Öz and P. Muggli, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 740 (2014) 197.

45. WP 13.4 AWAKE Modulation diagnostics Use transition radiation (TR), both optical (OTR) and coherent (CTR), as well as transverse coherent (TCTR). For OTR, bunch spatial or temporal characteristics are contained in light intensity and measured by a streak camera. The modulation period (~1.2 mm) is much shorter than the initial bunch (~12 cm) and so will appear as a new CTR signal detected by a Schottky diode. Note different geometry for TCTR where collecting horn is normal to foil. These diagnostics will give first measurements, expected in late 2016, of evidence of modulation of proton beam. K. Rieger, Master Thesis, Tech. Univ. Munich (2014); A. Pukhov and T. Tueckmantel, PRSTAB 15 (2012) 111301

46. WP 13.4 AWAKE Electron spectrometer Magnetic spectrometer to measure energy distribution of electrons. A 1.5 T C-shaped magnet will induce a horizontal spread. Measure the light from electrons hitting a scintillator screen using CCD camera. Use particles output from plasma simulations as input to spectrometer simulations Track using BDSIM (includes GEANT). Reconstructed spectrum similar to input. Will be able to measure energy spectrum S. Jolly et al., IPAC2014 Proc., p.1540.

47. Density gradient in the vacuum/plasma transition region: scattering of injected electrons 47 1…20 cm nene Electrons are scattered by magnetic field of the proton bunch before the self-modulation instability can develop Possible solutions how to overcome the scattering: 1.Shorten the transition region 2.Use high current electron bunch 3.Use a transversely shaped proton bunch that has a minimum current density on-axis: donut shape proton bunch WP 13.4 AWAKE Simulations

48. Results of 3D PIC simulations pukhov@tp1.uni-duesseldorf.de 48 witness bunch B-field Protons High current witness bunch on-axis: trapping High current witness bunch off-axis: bunch lost Donut-shaped proton bunch: trapping WP 13.4 AWAKE 3D PIC Simulations

49. WP13.1 Publications Scientific papers submitted relevant to the project (18) AuthorTitleLink C. Thaury, E. Guillaume, S. Corde, R. Lehe, M. Le Bouteiller,K. Ta Phuoc, X. Davoine, J. M. Rax, A. Rousse, and V. Malka Angular momentum evolution in laser- plasma accelerators Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 135002 (2013) C. Ciocarlan, S. M. Wiggins, M. R. Islam, B. Ersfeld, S. Abuazoum, R. Wilson, C. Aniculaesei, G. H. Welsh, G. Vieux, D. A. Jaroszynski The role of the gas/plasma plume and self-focusing in a gas-filled capillary discharge waveguide for high-power laser-plasma applications Phys. of Plasmas 20, 9 (2013) G. Vieux, B. Ersfeld, J. P. Farmer, M. S. Hur, R. C. Issac, D. A. Jaroszynski,Plasma density measurements using chirped pulse broad-band Raman amplification Appl. Phys. Lett., 2103, 12 (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1 063/1.482158 M. P. Anania, E. Chiadroni, A. Cianchi, D. DiGiovenale, M. Ferrario, F. Flora, G. P. Gallerano, A. Ghigo, A. Marocchino, F. Massimo, A. Mostacci, L. Mezi, P. Musumeci, M. Serio Design of a plasma discharge circuit for particle wakefield acceleration Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A740 (2014) 193–196 A. Bacci, A. R. RossiUltra-short electron bunches by Velocity Bunch in gas required for plasma wave accelerations Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 740 (2014) 42–47

50. Scientific papers submitted relevant to the project AuthorTitleLink F. G. Desforges, M. Hansson, J. Jua, L. Senje, T. L. Audet, S. Dobosz- Dufrénoy, A. Persson, O. Lundh, C.-G. Wahlström, B. Cros Reproducibility of electron beams from laserwakefield acceleration in capillary tubes Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 740 (2014) 54–59 M. Hansson, L. Senje, A. Persson, O. Lundh, and C.-G. Wahlström, F. G. Desforges, J. Ju, T. L. Audet, B. Cros, S. Dobosz Dufrénoy, and P. Monot Enhanced stability of laser wakefield acceleration using dielectric capillary tubes Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams 17, 031303 (2014) P. Londrillo, C. Gatti, M.FerrarioNumerical investigation of beam- driven PWFA in quasi-nonlinear regime Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 740 (2014) 236–241 F. Massimo, A. Marocchino, E. Chiadroni, M. Ferrario, A. Mostacci, P. Musumeci, L. Palumbo Transformer ratio studies for single bunch plasma wakefield acceleration Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 740 (2014) 242–245 L. L. Ji, A. Pukhov, I. Yu. Kostyukov, B. F. Shen, and K. AkliRadiation-Reaction Trapping of Electrons in Extreme Laser Fields Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 145003 (2014) WP13.1 Publications

51. Scientific papers submitted relevant to the project AuthorTitleLink R. Pompili, A. Cianchi, D. Alesini, M. P. Anania, A. Bacci, M. Bellaveglia, M. Castellano, E. Chiadroni, D. DiGiovenale, G. DiPirro, G. Gatti, F. Giorgianni, M. Ferrario, S. Lupi, F. Massimo, A. Mostacci, A. R. Rossi, C. Vaccarezza, F. Villa First single-shot and non-intercepting longitudinal bunch diagnostics for comb-like beam by means of Electro- Optic Sampling Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 740 (2014) 216–221 Andrea R. Rossi, Alberto Bacci, Marco Belleveglia, Enrica Chiadroni, Alessandro Cianchi, Giampiero Di Pirro, Massimo Ferrario, Alessandro Gallo, Giancarlo Gatti, Cesare Maroli, Andrea Mostacci, Vittoria Petrillo, Luca Serafini, Paolo Tomassini, Cristina Vaccarezza The External Injection experiment at the SPARC_LAB facility Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 740 (2014) 60-66 O. Jansen, T. TÅNuckmantel, and A. PukhovScaling electron acceleration in the bubble regime for up coming lasers Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 223, 1017–1030 (2014) L.L. Ji, A. Pukhov, E.N. Nerush, I.Yu. Kostyukov, K.U. Akli, and B.F. ShenNear QED regime of laser interaction with overdense plasmas Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 223, 1069–1082 (2014) A. Pukhov, I. Kostyukov, T. TÅNuckmantel, Ph. Luu-Thanh, and G. Mourou Coherent acceleration by laser pulse echelons in periodic plasma structures Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 223, 1197–1206 (2014) WP13.1 Publications

52. Scientific papers submitted relevant to the project AuthorTitleLink F. Villa, S. Cialdi, M. P. Anania, G. Gatti, F. Giorgianni, R. PompiliLaser pulse shaping for multi- bunches photoinjectors Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 740 (2014) 188-192 RR. Assmann, et al.,Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration: a path to the future of high-energy particle physics Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion. 56 (2014) 084013 A. Pukhov, O. Jansen, T. Tueckmantel, J. Thomas, and I. Yu. KostyukovPhys. Rev. Lett. 113, 245003 (2014) F.G. Desforges, B.S. Paradkar, M. Hansson, J. Ju, L. Senje, T.L. Audet, A. Persson, S. Dobosz-Dufrénoy, O. Lundh, G. Maynard, P. Monot, J.-L. Vay, C.-G. Wahlström, B. Cros, Dynamics of ionization-induced electron injection in the high density regime of laser wakefield acceleration Physics of Plasmas 21, 120703 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.10 63/1.4903845 http://dx.doi.org/10.10 63/1.4903845 WP13.1 Publications

53. Milestones and Deliverables Report no. (D/M) TitleDue dateStatus DL13.1Technical design report on ultra-fast longitudinal feedback for FLASH 31.10.2014Approved MS90Development and characterization of a new gas target system 31.10.2014Approved MS91Simulation of SPS beam self-modulation in plasma with seeding by laser 31.10.2014Approved DL13.2Simulation of External Injection into Bubble31.04.2015Revised DL13.3Optimal Realisable SPS Configuration31.04.2015Approved

54. WP13.1 Events www.lpaw2015.com