1. Human Trafficking and Statistics: The State of the Art
International Organization for Migration
Human Trafficking and Statistics: The State of the Art
Heikki Mattila,
Research and Publications Division
IOM Geneva, Switzerland

2. Forms of Trafficking in Persons
Sexual Exploitation
Forced Labour - Sweatshops
Marriages
Children - Domestic Work
Begging
Textile Workshops
Mining
Agriculture
Fishing
Camel Racing
Adoptions
Organ Removals

3. Global Estimates
U.S. State Department, Trafficking in Persons Report 2004: 600,000 – 800,000 men, women and children trafficked yearly
European Commission 2001: 120,000 people trafficked into EU each year
Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) 2000: 200,000 women and children trafficked to OSCE countries each year
ILO 2002: 1.2 million children trafficked worldwide

4. Definition
“Trafficking in persons” shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation.
 Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs;”

5. Issues & Areas Security Poverty Globalization Unemployment
Labour Markets
Human Rights
Health
Poverty
Unemployment
Governance
Gender Equality
Crime
Migration

6. Types of Data Indicators – Numbers of victims
Routes; Profiles & Modi Operandi of traffickers
Profiles of victims

7. Current Data Collection
Authorities: Social, Police, Immigration, Judiciary
Administrative data on assisted victims
NGOs & IGOs: Assisted cases
Research: Samples

8. Obstacles Clandestine Phenomenon Access to victims difficult
Reluctance of victims to report
Many players – fragmentary datasets
Difficult to distinguish in practice from smuggling, other exploitation, other prostitution
Taboos
No capacity nor tasking to collect data
Comparability: Differing Divisions of Labour
Comparability: No systematic exchange of information between agencies & countries

9. UNODC Database Sources: Statistics, Research, NGOs, Media
500 Sources, 4,500 “cases”
Type of Trafficking; Countries; Profiles of Victims and Offenders; Prosecution Statistics
Country of Origin: Ukraine, Russia, Nigeria, Albania, Romania
Country of Destination; US, EU, Japan; Asia CEEC, Africa
Victims: 83% women, 4% men, 48% children
Type of Exploitation: 92% sexual exploitation
21% forced labour

10. IOM Database Results as of July 2004 2791 victims 35 nationalities
7 top nationalities: Mol,Rom,Ukr,Bel,Bul,DomRep,Rus
Age: 13% under 18 years/ 72% under 24/ 90% under 30
50% worked
45% earned less than $50/month
57% earned less than $100/month
10% are married, 17% divorced or separated, 61% single
Single mothers: Mold: 26.50%, Ukr.: 32.3%, Dom.Rep.: 72.90%
46% of all known recruiters are females

11. Suggestions Better analysis of existing data
Better identification of indicators
Assistance & capacity building for more systematic data collection
Guidelines for harmonization
National coordinators
Regional coordination