1. HVACR116 – Trade Skills
Symbols

2. Objectives
After completing this unit, you will be able to identify and understand the meaning of the listed symbols:
Door and window symbols
Materials symbols
Electrical and mechanical symbols
Reference marks for coordinating drawings
Abbreviations

3. Introduction
Many construction features cannot be drawn exactly as they appear
Standard symbols show various materials, plumbing fixtures and fittings, electrical devices, windows, doors, and other common objects
Notes give additional explanations

4. Doors and Window Symbols
Symbols show type of door or window used and direction it opens
Windows are named according to how they open
Figure 5–1. Types of doors and their plan symbols.

5. Figure 5–2. Window symbols.

6. Doors and Window Symbols (cont’d.)
Size is usually shown in nominal dimension (i.e., approximate) on a special schedule
Might also be indicated by notes on plans near symbols
Figure 5–3. Windows and doors can be measured in several ways.

7. Material Symbols
Drawing outline may be filled in with a material symbol to show what the object is made of
Figure 5–4. Material symbols.

8. Material Symbols (cont’d.)
Figure 5–5. Only part of the area is covered by the brick symbol, although the entire building will be brick.

9. Electrical and Mechanical Symbols
Include wiring, electrical devices, piping, pipe fittings, plumbing fixtures, registers, heating and air conditioning ducts
Wiring is indicated by lines to show connections
Outlets and switches are not shown in actual position
Major fixtures and appliances are shown in actual position

10. Figure 5–6. Some common electrical symbols.

11. Electrical and Mechanical Symbols
Mechanical systems (e.g., plumbing, heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) are not shown in detail on drawings for single-family homes
Some important features may be shown
Piping is shown by lines
Different types of lines represent different kinds of piping

12. Figure 5–7. Some common plumbing symbols.

13. Reference Marks
Indicate where details or sections of important features have been drawn
Numbering systems:
Number sheets and name each of view
Sheet 1, site plan
Number according to kind of drawing
Architectural drawing sheets are numbered A-1, A-2, etc.

14. Reference Marks (cont’d.)
Figure 5–8. This is drawing 5 on Sheet A-4.
Figure 5–9. This section view is drawing 2 on Sheet 5.

15. Abbreviations
Drawings for construction include many notes and labels of parts
Abbreviated to avoid crowding
Example: BLDG stands for building