1. An Overview

2. A. 1901-1917 (Roosevelt to WWI) B. Began at state and local levels 1. “Wisconsin Idea” ~ Bob LaFollette C. Examples of state reforms 1. state income tax 2. direct primary D. Philosophy 1. pragmatism ~ “Trial and Error”

3. A. Restore control of government to the common man B. Correct abuses caused by industry C. Restore equality of economic opportunity

4. A. Use the government to achieve social and economic goals B. Unfortunately… 1. urban (city) governments often very corrupt 2. state and federal government often very pro-business

5. A. Muckrakers ~ writers who exposed the problems of society 1. Upton Sinclair ~ The Jungle a. labor conditions b. foul meat packing

6. B. Lincoln Steffens ~Shame of the Cities 1. local government 2. city conditions

7. C. Ida Tarbell ~ History of Standard Oil 1. big business 2. power and corruption

8. D. Jacob Riis ~ How the Other Half Lives 1. Slums of New York City

12. A. Susan B. Anthony ~ women’s suffrage B. Jane Addams ~ settlement houses C. Margaret Sanger ~ birth control advocate D. Florence Kelley ~ anti-child labor

13. A. Teddy Roosevelt (1901- 1909) 1. consumer protection 2. “Square Deal” 3. trustbuster 4. conservation 5. “Cowboy” 6. Republican

14. B. William Taft 1. Republican 2. problems with conservation and tariffs 3. least liberal of the three

15. C. Woodrow Wilson 1. Democrat 2. focus on banking and trade 3. “New Freedom”

16. A. U.S. involvement in World War I