1. The Progressive Era To what extent did the United States become more democratic during the Progressive Era? In what ways did the responsibilities of the federal government grow during this time of reform? To what extent did the Progressive Era successfully address the economic, political, and social problems of the Gilded Age?

2. CAUSES Growth of Industry Growth of Cities THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT (1900-1920) EFFECTS PoliticalSocialEconomic Presidents and Themes

3. POLITICAL REFORMS 1)Extend or protect political rights of previously disenfranchised groups 2)Are intended to make public officials more accountable to the public 3)Attack corruption and abuses of power by public officials.

4. POLITICAL EFFECTS Political reforms: - secret ballots - initiative, referendum, and recall - direct primaries - 17 th amendment= direct election of senators - 19 th amendment= women’s suffrage Decline of machine politics Split in Republican Party, 1912

5. SOCIAL REFORMS Reforms that seek to protect and promote the human and social rights of deprived groups in society.

6. SOCIAL EFFECTS Laws protecting workers Settlement houses and social work (Jane Addams) Prohibition (18 th amendment) Birth control for women (Margaret Sanger) Beginning of a movement for civil rights for African Americans (W.E. B. Du Bois & Booker T. Washington)

7. ECONOMIC REFORMS Reforms that seek to control corporate behavior and check the abuses practiced by large corporations.

8. ECONOMIC EFFECTS Regulation of big business Lower tariffs Reformed banking system Conservation of land and water 16 th amendment=federal income tax

9. PROGRESSIVE ERA PRESIDENTS Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) Republican William Howard Taft (1909-1913) Republican Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) Democrat

10. 3 Main Goals of the Progressive Movement 1.Make the government more democratic (more power in the hands of the people) 2.Ameliorate the effects of industrialization 3.Rein in the corporations through government regulation of big business

11. IMPORTANT THEMES or “BIG IDEAS” in US History Increasing the power of the federal government US becoming more democratic

12. What group of people brought the problems of industrialization and urbanization to the attention of the American people? How did they do it?

13. Muckrakers were investigative journalists who exposed the “underside” of American life. ____ Muckrakers exposed a variety of problems ranging from political corruption to child labor and the abuses of big business.

16. Notable Muckrakers Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives (1889) Lincoln Steffens, Shame of the Cities (1904) Ida Tarbell, History of the Standard Oil Company (1904) John Spargo, Bitter Cry of the Children (1906) Upton Sinclair, The Jungle (1906)

17. Jacob Riis 1849-1914 Photojournalist who believed that the “poor were the victims rather than the makers of their fate." How the Other Half Lives, an illustrated account of city life, was published in 1889 and brought the problems of urbanization to the attention of city leaders including Theodore Roosevelt.

18. Long ago, it was said that “one half the world does not know how the other half lives.” That was true then. It did not know because it did not care. The half that was on top cared little for the struggles and less for the fate of those who were underneath, so long as it was able to hold them there and keep its own seat. There came a time when the discomfort and crowding below was so great, and consequent upheavals so violent, that it was no longer an easy thing to do, and then the upper half fell to inquiring what was the matter. Information on the subject has been accumulating rapidly since, and the whole world has its hands full answering for its old ignorance.

19. Street Arabs in Night-quarters, Mulberry Street, c. 1890, lantern slide, Museum of the City of New York, The Jacob A. Riis Collection, 90.13.2.9

20. Organized Charity, Outdoor School (for children with tuberculosis) c. 1890, lantern slide, Museum of the City of New York, The Jacob A. Riis Collection, 90.13.2.44

21. Children's Playground in Poverty, c. 1890, hand-colored lantern slide, Museum of the City of New York, The Jacob A. Riis Collection, 90.13.2.69

22. A Flat in the Pauper's Barracks with All Its Furniture http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA01/Davis/photography/images/riisphotos/slideshow1.html

23. A New York Tenement Flat 1910 http://www.usc.edu/programs/cst/deadfiles/lacasis/ansc100/library/images/397.html

24. Why are the photographs in How the Other Half Lives, valuable historical sources?

25. The Jacob A. Riis Collection The Museum of the City of New York Images from: http://www.mcny.org/Exhibitions/riis/riis3.htm