1. Atoms and Charge Transfer

2. There are four fundamental forces in nature.
1. Gravitational
2. Electromagnetic
3. Strong Nuclear
4. Weak Nuclear
The force that holds atoms together is the strong nuclear force.

3. Atoms Electrons- orbit nucleus Negative charge of -1.6 x10-19C
Nucleus- Center of an atom
Neutrons- in nucleus
Neutral (no charge)
Protons- in nucleus
Positive charge of 1.6 x10-19C

4. Charge (q or Q) measured in a unit called Coulombs (C).
Charges of like signs repel.
Charges of opposite signs attract.
Neutral atoms have equal numbers of protons and electrons.
Electrons are able to move from one place to another, protons are not.

5. Charge Transfer Charges can be transferred 3 ways
1. Conduction (Friction and Contact)
2. Induction (nearness of charged objects)
3. Polarization (temporary realignment)

6. 1. Conductors- allow electrons to move freely, usually charge will sit on the surface.
2. Insulators- charges are more tightly bound. Even charge distribution.
3. Semiconductors- usually mixed with an alloy to turn an insulator into a conductor.
4. Superconductors- very low resistance to the flow of charge at certain temps. Can conduct electricity without heating.