1. The Gilded Age Part 3: Immigration and Urbanization

2. Learning Targets I can analyze the impact of immigration and urbanization on American Culture in the late 19 th century. I can explain the origins and impact of reform movements of the Gilded Age.

3. Why do the cities grow? Steel More work Railroads Immigration

8. Immigration and Urbanization Old Immigration 1850-1880 Northern & Western Europe – Britain – Scandinavia – Germany – Ireland Mostly literate, middle and upper classes New Immigration 1880-1920 Southern & Eastern Europe – Russia – Croatia – Poland – Montenegro – Greece – Bosnia – Serbia – Italy Many Jews esp. from Russian controlled areas Still, lots of Germans and Irish Mostly illiterate, lower class

9. Immigration and Urbanization Live in large cities, especially ports of entry – Ellis Island, NY – San Francisco, CA Live in enclaves Many don’t assimilate Forced by circumstance to take low paying jobs Reactions to Immigration – Nativism – Political Machines – Reform

10. Immigration and Urbanization Housing problems 1879 New York State Tenement House Act James Ware’s Dumbbell Tenement Growth of the Cities

11. Immigration and Urbanization Reform: “love thy neighbor as thyself” Religious response to problems of urban poor Application of Christian theology to social problems Social rather than spiritual features: – Gymnasiums – Libraries – Lecture rooms – Night schools The Social Gospel Movement Walter Rauschenbusch, Baptist minister

12. Immigration and Urbanization Reform: Hull House, Chicago (1889) Jane Addams Staffed by young, middle-class women Focused on practical needs of the working poor Aid to immigrant poor: – English lessons – Childcare for working mothers – Helped register children for school – Health clinics – Job training Began over time to organize politically The Settlement House

13. Immigration and Urbanization Reform: Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) Francis Willard Carrie Nation Temperance and Prohibition

15. Immigration and Urbanization Other ResultsMass media Rise of ‘yellow journalism’ William Randolph Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer

16. Other Results: Sports Entertainment

17. Other Results: Challenges to orthodox religion Darwin Robert Ingersoll spiritualism

19. 1. Explain some of the difficulties labor unions faced in the United States. 2. Explain some of the differing reactions Americans had to the great wealth disparities between wealthy industrialists and working class immigrants and other laborers.