1. The Urinary System Regulation of plasma [ ] of Na, K, Cl, Ca, lost in urine Blood volume/pressure via release of erythropoietin and renin Blood pH stabilization Elimination of urea & uric acid Vitamin D3 derivative synthesis (calcitriol)

2. Urinary System (cont’d) Kidneys Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra

3. Location & External Anatomy Kidney Anatomy Location & External Anatomy Retroperitoneal T12-L3 12cm long,6cm wide,3cm thick Convex lateral surface, concave medial surface (renal hilus) Renal capsule,adipose capsule Renal fascia

4. Internal Anatomy Kidney Anatomy Internal Anatomy Renal Cortex Renal Medulla Medullary pyramids Renal columns Renal pelvis Major/minor calyces

5. Kidney Histology Nephron(cortical,juxtaglomerular) renal tubule Renal corpuscle(glomerulus,capsule) PCT, loop of Henle(ascending,descending limbs)DCT Collecting system(collecting duct, papillary duct)

6. Kidney Histology (cont’d) Capsular epithelium Capsular space Glomerular epithelium(podocytes) Vascular pole Juxtaglomerular apparatus-macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells, & mesangial cells (renin/erythropoietin release)

7. Kidney Angiology Renal artery >segmental> interlobar > arcuate>interlobular>afferent arterioles> glomerulus>efferent arterioles>peritubular capillaries>,vasa recta>venules>interlobular veins>arcuate veins>interlobar veins>renal vein

8. Kidney Innervation Sympathetic Regulation of blood flow/pressure via arteriole innervation Release of renin Reabsorption of H20 & Na

9. Urine transport, storage & elimination Histology-Minor/major calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder,proximal urethra comprised of transitional epithelium. Ureters- mucosa, longitudinal (inner), circular (outer), adventitia.

10. Urinary Bladder Urachus Lateral umbilical ligaments Rugae Ureteric openings, internal urethral opening (trigone) Histology-mucosal, submucosa, muscularis(inner/outer longitudinal)(middle circular)

11. Urethra Thin walled muscular tube Mostly stratified columnar Female-3 to 5cm long; external urethral meatus Male-18 to 20cm long; prostatic, membranous, penile. UG diaphragm

12. Reproductive System Primary sex organs-gonads Accessory reproductive-ducts, glands, external genitalia

13. Male Reproductive System The scrotum The testes Seminiferous tubules,epididymis,ductus deferens Leydig cells Angiology-testicular arteries, pampiniform plexus

14. The penis & accessory glands Male Reproductive System The penis & accessory glands Glans, prepuce Corpus spongiosum,cavernosum Seminal vesicles-60% semen volume(alkaline fluid, fructose) Prostate-1/3 of semen vol.(citrate, acid phosphatase,hyaluronidase).

15. Reproductive Tract Male Reproductive System Reproductive Tract Epididymis-head, body, tail Functions in gauging composition of tubular fluid,recycling & functional maturation of spermatozoa Urethra

16. Spermatogenesis Spermatogonia>Primary spermatocyte>Secondary spermatocyte> Spermatids>Spermatozoa Spermiogenesis Spermatozoa-head(acrosome),middle piece, flagellum

17. Female Reproductive System Ovaries Uterine tubes Uterus Vagina

18. Ovaries Female Reproductive System Ovaries Angiology-ovarian arteries, veins Ovarian follicles (primary,secondary,Graafian) Oogenesis-oogonium, primary oocyte,secondary oocyte, ovum

19. The Uterus & Vagina Female Reproductive System The Uterus & Vagina Body,cervix Uterine tube Uterine cavity,endometrium(10%), myometrium(90%) Vaginal canal

20. External Genitalia Female Reproductive System External Genitalia Labia majora,minora Clitoris Bartholin’s glands

21. The Mammary Glands Pectoral fat pad Nipple, areola Lactiferous duct Lactiferous sinus Suspensory ligament Angiology-branches of int.thoracic artery