1. Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France Resilient farming: semi-subistence in Romania Marie-Luce Ghib, Rural’est – Dijon and co, France – ml.ghib@gmail.comml.ghib@gmail.com Daniela Giurca, – The Foundation for an Open Society Bucharest, Romania Lucian Luca, IEA –Bucharest, Romania Monica Tudor, IEA – Bucharest, Romania

2. Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France Questions? 1. Resilience : What Romanian farming can show us? -> small farm and self-subsistence and their place in global economy 2. From Pouliquen first analysis in 2001: >> Does semi-subsistance farming block the development of global farming in Romania? And on global economy? (importance of self subsistance, evolution in food consumption and food market...) 3. Self susbsitence and policies: social or agricultural one?

3. Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France 1. Semi-subsistence farming an adaptation to overpass the transition in Romania > Economic difficulties since 1990 > Restitution and redistribution of land: creation of a social buffer through self consumption/semi-subsistance farming > Evolution of farm structure, more over since UE adhesion

4. Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France Romanian agriculture and rural area at a glance post-communist socio-economic environment - reconstitution of the private ownership on the agricultural land - the restructuring of the other sectors of national economy - lack of non-agricultural occupational opportunities in the rural area effects - rural area and agriculture became the main absorber of the shocks generated by the restructuring of overall economy (Urban→Rural migration) - private land ownership being one of the main means to meet the subsistence needs of the rural household members The Romanian rural area and the land ownership become a “social buffer” for more than 40% “social buffer” for more than 40% of the population holdings under 5 ha 93% of the total number of holdings

5. Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France Population in Romania in total and by area, 1960-2010 (in million and percentage)

6. Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France Importance of agriculture in the Romanian economy, as compared to EU-28 and some EU countries'

7. Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France Farm population (upper panel) and farm land (lower panel): distribution by agricultural size (%, 2010) [figures in square brackets indicate average agricultural farm size) Source: Eurostat, Agricultural Census 2010

8. Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France Structure ro Main characteristics of Romanian farms according to their economic dimension (2010) Standard output group % in total no. of holdings % in total UAA SO/ holding SO/ AWU UAA/ holding AWU/ holding UAA/ AWU LSU/ UAA < 2 000 € 72.9821.566627720.90.23.80.4 2000 - 3999 € 15.6110.6284544692.30.63.70.8 4000 - 7999 € 8.119.7538755324.11.04.20.9 8000 -14999 € 2.035.21042675328.81.46.40.9 15000- 24999 € 0.583.8189601091622.91.713.20.6 25000- 49999 € 0.356.4343591619263.32.129.80.3 50000- 99999 € 0.178.36942924012171.82.959.40.1 100000- 249999 € 0.1113.115388530988423.65.085.30.1 250000- 499999 € 0.049.334531732920855.110.581.50.1 500000 € or over 0.0312.11909287586131588.432.648.80.5 Source: EUROSTAT database

9. The distribution of farm sizes in Romania (2005, 2007 and 2010) Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France Source: Eurostat (2013). * ESO refers to European Standard Output, which measures a holding's monetary output by multiplying its production of each output (crop, livestock) by a corresponding regional average value at farm-gate prices based on five-year centred moving averages.

10. Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France Repartition of the destination of production of corn by size of farm (ha) - (Ghib, 2013)

11. Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France Structure of average monthly money income by income category and area in Romania in 2012 Source: NIS

12. Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France 2. A social buffer against development? > Pouliquen, 2001 – Neo-peasant blocked a global reflation ? (land market, consumption…) > Then Pouliquen, 2011 change his mind : acceptation that duality cannot be avoid – not a rapid disparition of semi-subistence farm as employment is not firstly solved in the other sector/ migration > Ambilavence of the semi-subistence farm (Luca, )

13. Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France 20072008200920102011 Rural households Average monthly income (euro/pers./month) 139.55157.63150.36151.15167.34 Equivalent value of consumption from own resources (euro/pers./month) 45.1144.9342.2044.0455.87 % of self-consumption in monthly income 32.3228.5028.0729.1433.39 Farmer households Average monthly income (euro/pers./month) 114.57128.83123.55116.11142.46 Equivalent value of consumption from own resources (euro/pers./month) 53.7757.3252.1449.4071.22 % of self-consumption in monthly income 46.9344.4942.2042.5450.00 Source: NIS, TEMPO On-line data base Source: NIS, TEMPO On-line data base / Monica Tudor Total average monthly income per person

14. Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France The contribution of self-consumption to the welfare of rural households in Romania Source : our calculations after NIS data, TEMPO On-line data base, www.insse.ro

15. Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France The contribution of self-consumption to the welfare of agricultural households in Romania Source : our calculations after NIS data, TEMPO On-line data base, www.insse.ro

16. Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France 3. Self consumption and policies: social or agricultural? Ghib, 2013 > question of a social of economical role? Evolution of CAP and lack in the ESF

17. Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France What Romania intends to take from the new Common Agricultural Policy menu Maintain SAPS (base payments+greening) until 2020 (advantage for vegetal sector and disadvantage for livestock sector (National Transitory Payments from state budget for vegetal and livestock sector)

18. Payments for young farmers under 40 years old (25% from base payments /5 years / 60 ha limit) + measures from PNDR (50 000 euro for installing in a farm between 12 000 – 50 000 euro SO and 15 000 euro for developing small farms between 8000 – 12 000 euro SO) Redistributive payments for farms between 5-30 ha – (unfair transfer from very small farms and medium farms with NO previsible effects on consolidation)

19. Level and structure of subsidies Pillar 1 (EURO) for Romanian farms in the period 2015-2020 – MADR estimations Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France 20152016201720182019 / 2020 1-5 ha 173 130 80 – SAPS 187 145 89 188 147 90 188 149 92 190 152 93 50 - Greening56575859 0 – Redistributive payments 0000 23 – Young farmers. 23 20 – TNA veg.19181615 5-30 ha 220 157 80 – SAPS 240 198 89 242 201 90 244 203 92 245 207 93 50 - Greening56575859 47 – Redistributive paymens 535455 23 – Young farmer. 23 20 – TNA veg.1918 15 30-60 ha 173 130 80 – SAPS 187 145 89 188 147 90 188 150 92 190 152 93 50 - Greening56575859 0 – Redistributive payment 0000 23 – Young farmer23 20 – TNA veg.19181615 > 60 ha 150 130 80 – SAPS 164 145 89 165 147 90 165 147 92 167 152 93 50 - Greening56575859 0 – Redistributive payment 0000 0 – Young farmer0000 20 – TNA veg.19181615

20. Still not decided ! Applying small farm scheme An exit scheme from PNDR Resilience 2014 – 4 and 5th May – Montpellier, France

21. Thank you!