1. Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics Dr. Thomas G. Lang Presented at: Natural Philosophy Alliance, Conference #19 Albuquerque, New Mexico July 26, 2012 7/22/121Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

2. 1. The Problem Develop a unified theory that physically explains physics Assumptions: All of space is 3-dimensional, and is filled with spatial fluid. Spatial fluid follows the rules of fluid dynamics. These rules include the conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy. The conservation of photon spin is added. 7/22/122Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

3. 2. Spatial Fluid Spatial Fluid: Follows a no slip rule. (Pieces of fluid do not slip relative to each other.) Cannot be seen or felt, but its effects can be observed and measured. Has a density and a pressure. Contains disturbances called photons that travel at a local speed of light that act somewhat like sound waves in air that travel at a local speed of sound. Experimental Results that Confirm Spatial Fluid: An experiment conducted by Michelson and Morley in 1887 disproved ether, but confirms a no-slip spatial fluid. Experiments conducted by Sagnac in 1913 confirm a no-slip spatial fluid. In 2011, the “Space Probe B Experiment” conducted by NASA and Stanford University reported finding a vortex in space that is caused by earth’s rotation; this finding confirms a no-slip spatial fluid. 7/22/123Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

4. 3. Photons In theoretical physics, it is well known that photons: Differ only in frequency, which is proportional to their energy. Act like waves and particles. Spin each way in equal numbers throughout the universe. Travel at a fixed speed of light, have no mass, but impart momentum. In this new theory, photons: Result from inserting pure energy into spatial fluid. Are spherical. Have momentum and mass. Pulse while spinning and moving forward at a local speed of light. 7/22/124Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

5. 4. Quantum Mechanics In this theory, all quantum behavior results from pulsing. Every mass is quantized by its pulsing action. Each mass can be detected only once per cycle. During each cycle, every mass expands out toward infinity, and compresses back. All photons and particles of matter have mass. The range and speed of quantum phenomena could approach infinity. 7/22/125Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

6. 5. Gravity Gravity is a pressure force that results from pulsing. During each pulse, every photon and particle acts as if it has an averaged mass. This mass is removed from a surrounding region of spatial fluid. The pressure gradient in this region varies inversely with distance squared. The attractive force between two masses is “gravity”, which is proportional to the product of the masses divided by the square of their distance apart. The range and speed of gravity could approach infinity. 7/22/126Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

7. 6. Electron and Positron Rings Electrons are known to break into, and to form from, photons. In this theory, electron rings: Physically result from two counter-clockwise-spinning gamma photons that closely approach each other, attract, orbit, and then fluidly elongate to form a ring. Have cores that spin and pulse, and rotate at the local speed of light. Inherit their properties from photons. Positron rings are identical, but have an opposite core spin. Equal numbers of electron and positron rings are created. 7/22/127Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

8. 7. E-3 Rings E-3 rings are new in this theory. E-3 ring formation begins with a single positron ring. The positron ring attracts an electron ring on each side, and in the same plane. The three rings mesh; then all of the fluid drains from the electron rings into the positron ring to form an e-3 ring. An E-3 ring acts much like an electron ring because it has the same core spin, but is three times more massive and three times smaller. 7/22/128Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

9. 8. Proton Rings Protons are well known to have a mass of 1836.25 positrons, and are that many times smaller; yet protons electrically act much like positrons. Here, proton rings are hypothesized to result from a positron ring that combines sequentially with alternate pairs of electron rings and positron rings. The first step results in an e-3 ring, as previously described. This e-3 ring then combines with two positron rings to form a p-5 ring. This process continues until a p-1837 ring is formed, which is a proton ring. (Note: The small difference in mass from 1836.25 is binding energy.) 7/22/129Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

10. 9. Electric Forces are Fluid Forces In this theory, fluid dynamic forces and fluid flows replace electric forces and electric fields. Two fluid rings will dynamically align so that the flows induced by their spinning cores are parallel; as a result, these rings will lie in the same plane. In fluid dynamics, two counter-rotating objects will attract, while two objects that rotate in the same direction will repel. (Note: Counter-rotating objects speed up the flow between them, which reduces pressure; objects that rotate in the same direction slow down the flow between them, which increases pressure.) Conclusion: The direction of ring core spin is analogous to positive and negative charge in modern physics. 7/22/1210Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

11. 10. Magnetic Forces In bar magnets, it is well known that electrons and protons align. Here, such an alignment causes electron and proton rings to induce a flow of spatial fluid that enters the south pole of a magnet and exits the north pole. The return flow can be seen by placing a sheet with iron filings over a bar magnet. 7/22/1211Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

12. 11. Atoms It is well known that atoms consist of electrons that surround a nucleus of protons and neutrons. The number of electrons always equals the number of protons. The number of neutrons typically equals or exceeds the number of protons. In this theory, an orbiting electron is a tiny gyro that never sequentially follows the same path; therefore, it appears as a fuzzy spherical shell. 7/22/1212Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

13. 12. Neutrons and Neutral Particles A neutron consists here of a proton ring that lies inside an e-3 ring, and is formed when an e-3 ring approaches a proton ring from the side. The rings rotate in the same plane about the same axis in the same direction. All neutral particles are combinations of fluid rings. All fluid rings are geometrically and dynamically similar. 7/22/1213Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

14. 13. The Nuclear Strong Force In this theory, the nuclear strong force is a core-core force. Protons and neutrons in nuclei are bonded by a core-core force. The binding force within a neutron is also a core-core force. Shown below is proton-neutron pair, formed by a proton ring that approaches a neutron along its spin axis. 7/22/1214Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

15. 14. The Nuclear Weak Force In about 10 minutes, isolated neutrons typically break into a proton ring, an electron ring, and photons or neutrinos. The breakup force is defined as the nuclear weak force. In this theory, the strong core-core attraction force in a neutron is greatly weakened by opposing side thrusts generated by the two rings; the result is that an isolated neutron is marginally stable. 7/22/1215Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

16. 15. Neutrinos Neutrinos are not to be confused with neutrons. Here, Neutrinos consist of two counter-spinning gamma photons that travel in tandem at the local speed of light. These neutrinos can travel through the earth because they have no net spin. 7/22/1216Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

17. 16. Energy Stored in matter Here, matter is hypothesized to be “energy moving in circles”; as such, particles of matter act much like super flywheels. (Note: The nuclear energy stored in all matter is in the form of fluid rings that rotate at the speed of light; the ring kinetic energy is ½mc 2, which is doubled by the combined kinetic energy of core spin and core pulsing.) If converted at 100% efficiency, the energy stored in one gallon of water would provide enough electricity for almost 10 million homes for one year. (Note: One gallon of water weighs 3,785 grams. One gram of mass has a nuclear energy of 24,900,000 kilowatt hours. An average US household uses 10,000 kWhr/yr. Therefore, one gallon of water, if converted ay 100% efficiency, would provide enough power for 3,785 x 24,900,000 / 10,000 = 9,425,000 households for one year.) 7/22/1217Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

18. 17. The Red Shift In modern physics, space is an empty vacuum. Therefore, the Red Shift can be caused only by a Doppler effect. However, in this theory, space is filled with spatial fluid. Consequently, it is assumed that the Red Shift is at least partly caused by a photon energy loss with distance. 7/22/1218Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

19. 18. Our Universe If the Red Shift is assumed to be at least partly caused by a photon energy loss with distance, then our universe changes into one of the following types: A. If the Red Shift is solely a photon energy loss, then our galaxy could be: Infinite; and either young and changing, or steady state. Finite; and either young and changing, or steady state. B. If the Red Shift is caused by both a Doppler shift and a photon energy loss, then our galaxy could be one of an infinite variety of expanding universes. At one end, it would be the current 13.7-billion-year-old Big Bang. At the other end, it would be as in “A” above. In between, it would be one of an infinite variety of big bang universes. C. Here, parallel universes are here possible within in a 3-d space. 7/22/1219Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

20. 19. Verification This radical new theory can be verified in many different ways: My book lists forty new findings, each of which can be considered as being predictions that can be tested for verification. The acceptance of this new theory will surely depend upon how well it unifies physics, agrees with experiment, explains known phenomena, and solves any remaining physical mysteries in physics and related sciences. 7/22/1220Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang

21. 20. Conclusions: Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics In modern physics, space is assumed to be an empty vacuum. As a result, it is impossible to physically understand gravity, quantum mechanics, electrons, protons, the strong and weak forces, etc. This new theory assumes that space is filled with spatial fluid, that space and time remain essentially normal, and that the conservation laws apply. As a consequence, physics becomes both physically understandable and unified. If this new theory is correct, or at least mostly correct, it may lead to new research, discoveries and technologies. 7/22/1221Unified Fluid Dynamic Theory of Physics - Copyright 2012 Thomas G. Lang