1. Final Review UNIT 1 The Earth Do Now: please take out pink review packets HW: Final Exam Thursday January 22, 2015 Review Packet Unit 2- Natural Disasters

2. Biosphere Parts of the hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere where life exists

3. Lithosphere Igneous Rocks: formed from volcanoes Sedimentary Rocks: 80% of rocks on Earth, formed under water, layers Metamorphic Rocks: formed by heat and pressure The solid part of Earth

4. Plate Tectonics Convergent: two plates collide, forms mountains Subduction: ocean plates goes under less dense continental plate, forms volcanoes, earthquakes, trenches Divergent: two plates moving apart, forms mid ocean ridge Transform fault: two plates slide past eachother causing an earthquake, ex- San Andreas fault in California

6. Hydrosphere water part of Earth, ex: oceans, lakes, glaciers, streams

7. The Water Cycle o Evaporation: Water changes from liquid to gas when temperature increases o Condensation: Water changes from gas to liquid, formation of clouds o Precipitation: rain, snow, sleet, hail o Run-off: Water moves from a high elevation (mountain) into a body of water (ocean, lake) o Transpiration: The release of water vapor from plants o Groundwater: Water is absorbed into the ground

9. Atmosphere The gases surrounding us

10. Weather Factors Affecting Weather 1.Temperature 2.Wind 3.Humidity 4.Cloud cover

11. Clouds  Cirrus: feathery, wispy, end of clear weather  Cumulus: cottony, good weather  Stratus: layered, light rain or snow  Nimbus: rain cloud

12. Air Masses Properties determined by where it develops Continental polar: cold and dry Maritime polar: cool and moist Continental arctic: bitterly cold and dry Continental tropical: warm and dry Maritime tropical: warm and moist

13. Fronts Boundary between two air masses Cold: cold air moving towards warm air, blue triangles Warm: warm air moving towards cold air, red scallops Occluded: cold front overtakes a warm front, alternating cold and warm symbols facing the same way Stationary: warm and cold air pushing against eachother but neither one is strong enough to move the other, alternating cold and warm symbols facing opposite directions

14. Gases Nitrogen: 78% Oxygen: 21% Argon: 0.9% Carbon Dioxide: 0.03%

15. Layers o Troposphere: layer surrounding us, where weather occurs, temperature decreases o Stratosphere: ozone layer  Ozone: protects us from UV rays o Mesosphere: temperature decreases o Thermosphere: temperature increases