1. 1 Pertemuan 5 Software: System Software Matakuliah: T0604-Pengantar Teknologi Informasi Tahun: 2008 Versi: 2.0/0.0 Williams, B.K, Stacy C. Sawyer (2007). Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computers & Communications. Seventh Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York. ISBN-13: 978-0- 07-110768-6 Sumber: Chapter 3. Software: Tools for Productivity and Creativity, p.117

2. 2 Learning Outcomes Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : menjelaskan: pengertian dan komponen system software, dan fungsi-fungsi sistem operasi (C2)

3. 3 Outline Materi System Software: The Power behind the Power The Operating System: What It Does

4. 3-4 System Software: The Power behind the Power Application Software –Software developed to solve a particular problem for users Either performs useful work on a specific task Or provides entertainment –We interact mainly with this software System Software –Enables application software to interact with the computer –Helps the computer to manage its own internal and external resources

5. 3-5 System Software: The Power behind the Power System Software has 3 basic components –Operating System (OS) The principal component of system software Low-level, master system of programs to manage basic computer operations Some hardware requires specific Operating Systems –Macintosh computers run Macintosh OS –PCs run Microsoft Windows, Linux, or BSD –Cray supercomputers run COS or UNICOS –Device Drivers Help the computer control peripheral devices –Utility Programs Used to support, enhance, or expand existing programs in the computer

6. 3-6 System Software: The Power behind the Power System Software has 3 basic components –Operating System (OS) The principal component of system software Low-level, master system of programs to manage basic computer operations Some hardware requires specific Operating Systems –Macintosh computers run Macintosh OS –PCs run Microsoft Windows, Linux, or BSD Unix –IBM Mainframes run MVS or VM –Cray supercomputers run COS or UNICOS –Device Drivers Help the computer control peripheral devices –Utility Programs Used to support, enhance, or expand existing programs in the computer

7. 3-7 The Operating System: What It Does Booting –The process of loading an OS into the computer’s main memory –The steps are: 1.Turn the computer on 2.Diagnostic routines test main memory, CPU, and other hardware 3.Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) programs are copied to main memory –BIOS contains instructions for operating the hardware –The computer needs those instructions to operate the hardware and find a copy of the OS 4.Boot program obtains the OS and loads it into computer’s main memory

8. 3-8 The Operating System: What It Does Central Processing Unit (CPU) Management –Kernel is the supervising software that manages CPU Kernel must remain in memory while the computer runs If another program uses the kernel’s memory when the kernel needs it, the computer will crash –Memory Management OS keeps track of memory locations to prevent programs and data from overlapping each other Swaps portions of programs and data into the same memory but at different times Keeps track of virtual memory –Queues, Buffers, Spooling

9. 3-9 The Operating System: What It Does Central Processing Unit (CPU) Management (continued) –Queues, Buffers, Spooling Queue: First-in, First-out (FIFO) sequence of data or programs that waits in line for its turn to be processed Buffer: The place where the data or programs sit while they are waiting To Spool: The act of placing a print job into a buffer –Needed because the CPU is faster than printers –The CPU can work on other tasks while the print jobs wait

10. 3-10 The Operating System: What It Does File Management –A file is either a Data File: a named collection of data Program File: a program that exists in a computer’s secondary storage –The File System arranges files in a hierarchical manner Top level is Directories (aka Folders) Subdirectories come below Folders –Find files using their pathname C:/MyDocuments/Termpaper/section 1.doc

11. 3-11 The Operating System: What It Does Task Management –Required for computers that accommodate multiple users –Required for computers that allow multiple simultaneous applications –Methods of processing two or more programs Multitasking –By one user on one processor Multiprogramming –By multiple users concurrently on one processor Time-sharing –By multiple users in round-robin fashion on one processor Multiprocessing –By one or more users simultaneously on two or more processors

12. 3-12 The Operating System: What It Does Security Management –Operating Systems permit users to control access to their computers –Users gain access using an ID and password –You set the password the first time you boot up a new computer –System Administrators can set up new accounts and assign new passwords

13. 13 Kesimpulan