1. Chapter 20. Writing Instructions and Manuals © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's1 Plan for Safety Writing clear safety information Be clear and concise. Avoid complicated sentences. Designing safety information Make it stand out. Placing safety information in the appropriate location Make it easily accessible.

2. Chapter 20. Writing Instructions and Manuals © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's2 Terminology Used in Safety Labels Danger alerts the reader to a hazard that may result in serious injury, including death, e.g. high voltage. Warning alerts the reader to the potential for minor, moderate, or serious injury, e.g. strong acid. Caution alerts the reader to the potential for damage to equipment and long-term health hazards. A note is a suggestion to help the reader carry out a task.

3. Chapter 20. Writing Instructions and Manuals © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's3 Questions Addressed in The Occupational Safety and Health Administration Guidelines Is the message prominently displayed so that users see it? Is the message large enough and clearly legible under operating conditions? Are the graphics and the words of the message clear and informative?

4. Chapter 20. Writing Instructions and Manuals © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's4 Elements of a Set of Instructions General introduction Step-by-step instructions Conclusion

5. Chapter 20. Writing Instructions and Manuals © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's5 Five Questions Answered in a General Introduction to Instructions Who should carry out the task? Why should the reader carry out this task? When should the reader carry out this task? What safety measures or other concerns should the reader understand? What items will the reader need?

6. Chapter 20. Writing Instructions and Manuals © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's6 Guidelines for Drafting Steps in Instructions Number the instructions. For long or complicated instructions, you may need to group the steps. Include graphics. Use the imperative mood. Do not omit the articles (a, an, the) to save space. Don’t confuse steps and feedback statements. Step: Insert the disk in the drive. Feedback: The system will now update your user information.

7. Chapter 20. Writing Instructions and Manuals © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's7 Present the right amount of information in each step. Too much: 1. Mix one part of the cement with one part water, using the trowel. When the mixture is a thick consistency without any lumps bigger than a marble, place a strip of the mixture about 1” high and 1” wide along the face of the brick. Too little: 1. Pick up the trowel. Correct:1. Mix one part of the cement with one part water, using the trowel, until the mixture is a thick consistency without any lumps bigger than a marble. 2. Place a strip of the mixture about 1” high and 1” wide along the face of the brick.

8. Chapter 20. Writing Instructions and Manuals © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's8 Conclusions  Maintenance tips  Troubleshooters guide  Contact info

9. Chapter 20. Writing Instructions and Manuals © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's9 Goals of Usability Testing To improve product safety To save money

10. Chapter 20. Writing Instructions and Manuals © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's10 Guidelines for Usability Tests Anderson, Technical Communication A Reader-Centered Approach, Fifth Edition Establish test objectives. Pick test readers who truly represent your target readers. Have your test readers use your draft the same way your target readers will. Learn how your draft affects your readers’ attitudes. Interview your test readers after they’ve read and used your draft. Avoid biasing your test results. Test early and often. Obtain informed consent from your test readers.