1. Overall course structure AI Artificial Intelligence ( A modern approach ) AI-2 Spring semester TDT4171 Methods in artificial intelligence AI-1 Fall semester TDT 4136 Logic and reasoning systems

2. Course prehistory TDT 4125 Logic IT2702 Artificial Intelligence TDT4170 Knowledge systems TDT4171 Methods in aerificial intelligence TDT4136 Logic and reasoning systems Before Now

3. Levels of intelligence 7. Can A be alive (not allowed to be killed) ? 6. Can A have a (genuine) consciousness ? 5. Can A feel real feelings (pain,sorrow,happiness)? 4. Can A think ? 3. Can A reason ? 2. Can A deduce ? 1. Can A compute ? Replace A with human/child/embryo/ape/robot/computer What is your opinion ?

5. Are you a carbon chauvinist ?

6. What is intelligence ? Intelligence is the ability to solve new problems based on earlier experience.

7. What is AI Artificial Intelligence is the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by man. (Prof. Marvin Minsky) AI is the study of how to make computers do things which at the moment people do better. (Prof. Elaine Rich) (Horizon effect: If it works, it is no longer AI)

8. What is ”Artificial” TRACTOR INTELLIGENCE HORSE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Artificial horse ?

9. Artificial Intelligence versus Cognitive Science Although a computer can do logical reasoning, it does not mean that the computer is trying to simulate a human. In fact, computers can do logical reasoning better than humans. We can say, with a twist, that AI is the science of correct thinking, while CS is the science of incorrect thinking. (Errare humane est).

10. Symbolic Processing Programming Languages LISP List as universal data structure Program = Data (= List) Function oriented Recursion Automatic storage allocation Programming environments PROLOG Predicate logic as programming language Prediacates as programs Lists and terms as data structure Built in search method for problem solving ”European answer to LISP” Chosen as basis for 5.generation computer project

11. Knowledge Based Systems Knowledge Information about the word that allows an expert to solve problems Knowledge representation Information about the world that allows a computer to solve problems Knowledge base The collection of represented knowledge Knowledge based system System that solves problems based on represented knowledge. Expert system System that can solve problems on an expert level (anyhow)

12. The Intelligence Pyramid Wisdom Intelligence Data Knowledge Noise Information Each level is a set of relations on the level below

14. Example of classic KB system MYCIN (1970) Diagnose likely infecting organisms in blood and meningitis infections About 400 diagnostic rules About 50 therapy rules

15. What is understanding ? Searle’s Chinese Room Rules  John Does the system understand Chinese ? Is the system conscious ? What if John has the rules in his head ?