1. Cradle to Cradle by William McDonough & Michael Braungart
Presented by Ande Buskirk & Nicole Machuca

2. Chapter 1 - A Question of Design
Bad design is everywhere.
Titanic and Industrial Revolution
Resistance and romantics
Universal design- the worst case scenario
Crude products and products plus
Intergenerational remote tyranny or a Strategy of change

3. Chapter 2 - Why Being “Less Bad” is No Good
Eco-efficiencey, RRR, and superficiality
Monsanto, Dupont, Johnson & Johnson
A range of pollutants
Problems with incinerating, composting, recycling
Efficiency has no independent value
What does it look like to be 100% good?

4. Chapter 3 - Eco-Effectiveness
3 books
Not efficient, effective- we want more of it
Cherry tree and ants
Becoming native to Earth
Zero is not the right goal- deprivation, starvation

5. Chapter 4 - Waste Equals Food
Bio mass and Tech mass
Away
Sewage problems
Metabolisms- a reflection of Hawken?
Insanity and Negligence

6. Chapter 5 - Respect Diversity
One-size-fits-all
De-evolution
Fitting-est
Diversity
All sustainability is local
-sewage, energy, cars, soap
-Isms: extreme
Economy, Equity, Ecology and Industrial Re-evo

7. Chapter 6 - Putting Eco-Effectiveness into Practice
Ford River Rouge
Free of, Personal Preference, Passive Positive, Activate, Reinvent and redesign
Intention
Restorative action
Innovation
Brace for the learning curve
Responsibility to future

8. Major Themes/Interesting Points
Move away from:
Cradle-to-grave as acceptable
Standardization in industry – one-size does not fit all
Creating in obsolescence – prioritize upcycling
Environmentalism focusing on what not to do
Education & research focus on analyzing problems, not finding solutions
2 metabolisms: Technical vs. Biological Nutrition/Food
Should adhere to nature’s model – cradle-to-cradle
Look to indigenous & less industrialized regions for design ideas
Stop trying to fix industry – redesign it
Respect Diversity Principal: Design should account for not only biodiversity, but cultural and locale diversity
Triple Top Line Approach: Balancing ecology, equity, & economy

9. Recurring Themes Westerners saw nature as something to be dominated
Environmentalism does not conflict with economic growth
Currently one paradigm of progress
Society should strive for “good” growth – not merely economic growth
Current failure in imagination and creativity
Should adhere to nature’s model
Smaller systems better

10. Quotes
“Urban and industrial growth is often referred to as a cancer, a thing that grows for its own sake and not for the sake of the organism it inhabits.” pg. 77
“We begin to make human systems and industries fitting when we recognize that all sustainability (just like politics) is local.” pg. 123
“Respecting diversity in design means considering not only how a product is made but how it is to be used, and by whom. In a cradle-to-cradle conception, it may have many uses, and many users, over time and space.” pg. 138

11. Remaining Questions/Discussion
My one question that still remains is how we can get industries to want to make this change to a new system of this sort. – Lauren
I think the consumer on the other end of the process is an important component. How can we expect companies to shift, to change their ways, when the consumer will likely be upset with rising costs, decreased mobility, and vastly different products? – Adam
Like any aspect of life, people tend to favor change when there is an incentive involved.…I think the combination of framing the change in a positive outlook with incentives to change are a start in getting people on board.” - Bob

12. Vocabulary Effluents: Waste products
Downcycling: Reduces quality of objects over time
Intergenerational Remote Tyranny: Actions that deprive and harm future generations
Eco-efficiency: Doing more with less
Biological nutrient: material designed to return to biological system
Technical nutrient: material designed to return to industrial cycle, e.g. plastic, steel
Unmarketables: Hazardous materials, e.g. nuclear waste