1. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

2. Legislative Branch Organized similarly to U.S. Congress Leadership Committee system Who Serves? 53-year old white males typically Democrats and Republicans Businessmen, lawyers LO 5.1 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

3. LO 5.1 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

4. Types of legislators/legislatures A. Professional Legislatures 1. Full time job, high salary, large staff B. Citizen Legislatures 2. Part time job, lower salary, smaller staff C. Hybrid Legislatures 1. Fall in between the other two D. Typology of LegislaturesTypology of Legislatures LO 5.1 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

5. What State Legislators Do Lawmaking Oversight Approve all appropriations Ombudsmen Committees The Legislative Branch LO 5.1 Back to learning objectives

6. LO 5.1 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

7. Influences on State Legislators Political Parties Interest Groups Constituents Other Governments LO 5.2 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

8. LO 5.2 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

9. Modernization and Reform Term Limits a. Why term limits? b. States with Term LimitsStates with Term Limits c. U.S. Term Limits v Thornton (1995)U.S. Term Limits v Thornton d. Problems with term limits LO 5.3 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

10. Districting/Redistricting A. The process of drawing boundaries on a map B.Reform C. Baker v. Carr (1962)Baker v. Carr 1. Malapportioned districts violate the equal protection clause of the 14 th Amendment D. Reynolds v. Sims (1964)Reynolds v. Sims 1. Both houses of state legislatures must be apportioned on population 2. One person, one vote. a. How does this affect rural populations? LO 5.4 Back to learning objectives

11. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Gerrymandering A. Davis v. Bandemer (1986)Davis v. Bandemer 1. Gerrymandering can violate the 14 th amendment a. Illinois district maps 2. Burden of proof on those claiming discrimination 3. Voting Rights Act of 1965Voting Rights Act of 1965 a. Racial Gerrymandering illegal b. Creation of Majority/Minority districts

12. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Gerrymandering 4. Shaw v. Reno (1993)Shaw v. Reno a. Majority/Minority districts can be reverse discrimination 5. Hunt v. Cromartie (2001)Hunt v. Cromartie a. Creation of minority districts can be done for political reasons (African Americans = Democrats)

13. Direct Legislation: Policy Making by the People? Direct Legislation Initiative Referendum Results 58% were approved in 2008 Stimulates voter turnout, civic engagement, political efficacy Can target minorities Allows interest groups much influence LO 5.5 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

14. LO 5.5 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman