1. Africa chapter 1, section 1 Land and Water Africa’s Regions and Landforms - 4 regions - Plateau contnent - Mountains - Coastal Plains - Great Rift Valley Africa’s Rivers - Nile River - Farming along Nile - Congo River - Niger River - Zambezi River

2. Africa’s 4 regions and landforms North Atlas Mts. Sahara Desert (largest desert) West most populated grasslands good farming East many mountains, plateaus, grasslands, hills South/central flat and rolling grasslands, hills, rain forests, mountains, swamps, Namib and Kalahari deserts.

3. The Plateau Continent - Africa is made up of mostly flat land that drops sharply near the oceans. - This land has a high elevation (height above or below sea level). Mountains - All 4 regions have mountains - highest are in East Africa - Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania is the tallest.

4. Coastal Plains Edge the Continent - Coastal plains run along much of Africa. - either dry and sandy or wet and marshy Great Rift Valley - Mt. Kilimanjaro is on the edge. - Valley was formed 4m years ago. Continents pulled apart and left a rift, or deep trench. - This rift is 4,000 miles long. - Most major lakes are in or near this area.

5. Africa’s Rivers - 4 rivers carry water from the mountains to the sea; Nile, Congo, Zambezi, Niger. - Parts of these rivers can be used for travel, but each is broken by waterfalls and rapids. - Ships cannot navigate these rivers.

6. The Nile River - Longest river in the world (>4,000 miles) - Two tributaries (rivers or streams that flow into larger rivers), White Nile in Sudan and Blue Nile in Ethiopia. - The river flows north into the Mediterranean Sea. Farming along the Nile - Flooding from the Nile left silt, making the soil fertile (rich in nutrients, good for farming). - Aswan Dam prevents this flooding and created Lake Nasser; also produces electricity, irrigation

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8. The Congo River - flows through the rain forests of central Africa (Congo and Dem. Rep. of the Congo) - 2 nd longest in Africa - hundreds of tributaries from the Congo; farmers use this area to grow crops - Many different fish to catch. Niger River - 3 rd longest in Africa - provides water for farms and fishing

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10. Zambezi River - 4 th longest river in Africa. - in Southern Africa; runs through 6 countries - Many waterfalls (Victoria Falls) and rapids. - hydroelectricity

11. 4 Zambezi

12. 4-Victoria Falls