1. Code of Conduct “Return with Honor”
Good Morning/Afternoon Air Commandos.
This is the second presentation you have here at Lackland II on Core Values.
My goal is to take the “what” part of core values which Colonel Reinholz presented last week—and move it into the “how” of core values. 1 1

2. Code of Conduct (Historical)
Law of the Hague (1899), Annex, Article 9
“Bound” to give ”Only” Name, Rank
Geneva Accords (1929), Article 5
Name, Rank, Date of Birth, Service Number
Korean War (1950 – 1953)
“Brainwashing” (Indoctrination)
Anti-government Statements
Significant Number of POWs Refused Repatriation

3. Korea: POW Stats (Kinkead, Eugene. In Every War But One. Norton, 1959)
7190 Total Prisoners Taken
92% in the first year of the war
2634 Died
38% - largest percentage since the Revolution
Most (99.6%) died in the first year of the war
4435 Americans Released
31 Navy, 196 Marine, 235 Air Force
3973 Army

4. Korea: Army POW Statistics
30% of All Prisoners Behaved Inappropriately
General Collaboration
Criminal Acts Against Fellow Prisoners
Failure to Lead Properly
425 Seriously Collaborated (13%)
82 Cases Approved for Court-martial
47 Cases Passed a Four Tier Review Board
12 Collaborators Tried - Guilty
21 Collaborators Remained Behind

5. Korea: POW Study Findings
Loss of Organizational Structure
“Every Man For Himself”
Breakdown of Discipline
Unrealistic Expectations of Captivity
Food Aversion, Sanitation, Basic First Aid
Loss of Hope
Loss of Activity, Loss of Interest
Some Units Faired Better Than Others
Turks, Marines

6. Code of Conduct (Historical)
1955 Executive Order – President Eisenhower
Formal training for all military personnel

7. Code of Conduct (Historical)
Vietnam (1964 – 1973)
Torture Added to Emotional Distress
Still Minimal Defections
But many felt dishonored by giving in to torture
President Carter signs executive order in 1977 revising Article V:
Deleted the Word “Only”
Changed “Bound” to “Required”

8. Code of Conduct ARTICLE V (revised): ARTICLE V (original):
When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war, I am required to give name, rank, service number, and date of birth…
ARTICLE V (original):
When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war, I am bound to give only name, rank, service number, and date of birth….

9. Code of Conduct (Historical)
President Reagan signs executive in 1988
Made Articles I and II gender neutral
The Code of Conduct is NOT an ORDER, but a Guideline

10. Code of Conduct ARTICLE I (revised): ARTICLE I (original):
I am an American, fighting in the forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense.
ARTICLE I (original):
I am an American fighting man. I serve in the forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense.

11. Code of Conduct ARTICLE II (revised): ARTICLE II (original):
I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they still have the means to resist.
ARTICLE II (original):
I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender my men while they still have the means to resist.

12. Remember: The Code of Conduct is NOT an ORDER, but a Guideline Return With Honor
Postwar interviews with U.S. POWs revealed many charges of collaboration with the enemy among the returning soldiers. The Defense Department (DoD) investigated more than 500 of the repatriated soldiers, but only a few were convicted of misconduct by court-martial. A DoD Advisory Committee on POWs drafted a code of conduct for the armed services, which U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed as Executive Order on Aug. 17, The committee advised that U.S. armed services personnel receive training in resistance to enemy interrogation, and the code provided a standard of behavior whereby American POWs should resist the enemy and keep faith with their fellow prisoners.
According to a Congressional Research Service Report (CRS), one out of every three American prisoners of the North Koreans and Chinese collaborated. The degree of collaboration ranged from such serious offenses as actually siding with the enemy to the relatively insignificant offense of broadcasting Christmas greetings home and therefore putting the communists in favorable light. Although collaborating with the enemy is nothing new, there were a number of examples of it during WWII. Its ramifications, however, caused considerable damage to the morale and survival of U.S. POWs during the Korean War and later the Vietnam War.