1. Technical Education Click here to move on Index H.323 Related Standards Lesson 4

2. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 2 Lesson objectives  This lesson will introduce you to the various International Standards associated with H.323. These standards define such things as the protocols used for setting up and controlling the connections, and how the Video and Audio signals are to be carried.  Many of the problems experienced when setting up an H.323 conference are associated with a mis-match in the relevant protocols used by the endpoints. You will need to understand the differences between these protocols, in order to resolve such problems. Previous Beginning Help Next

3. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 3 Standards Data Transport Standards Multimedia Conferencing Standards Standards Bodies LAN Standards Previous Beginning Help Why do I need to know about all this?

4. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 4 Standards bodies  Standards are essential in the communications industry because they ensure compatibility of equipment throughout the world. These standards are not usually created by one centralised body, but are usually developed for a specific country, or for a particular communications area. The most important standards bodies associated with Data communications are  These standards are now being moved under the umbrella of the ITU. Specifically the standards we are interested in are under the jurisdiction of  Standards Beginning Help ITU-Telecommunications. the ATM Forum, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). the American National Standards Institute, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), Review Questions

5. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 5 ITU-T standards  The International Telecommunication Union is part of International Standards Organisation, which in turn is part of The United Nations.  It is responsible for setting international standards where Public networks are involved. It’s standards include:  V series for modems  G series for digital voice  X series for packet switched data systems  H series for multiplexing, control, multimedia Beginning Help Previous

6. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 6 IEEE standards  The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Inc., “promotes the engineering process of creating, developing, integrating, sharing, and applying knowledge about electrical and information technologies and sciences for the benefit of humanity and the profession.  The membership of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers is open to working engineers from these two industries. The members of the IEEE 802 sub-committee, responsible for LAN connectivity, are specialists working in data communications industry. The two standards most widely used in the LAN arena today are 802.3, or Ethernet and 802.5, Token Ring”. . Beginning Help Previous

7. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 7 ATM Forum standards  The ATM Forum “is an international non-profit organization formed with the objective of accelerating the use of ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) products and services through a rapid convergence of interoperability specifications. In addition, the Forum promotes industry cooperation and awareness.  The ATM Forum consists of a worldwide Technical Committee, three Marketing Committees for North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific as well as the User Committee, through which ATM end-users participate”. Beginning Help Previous

8. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 8 IETF standards  The Internet Engineering Task Force is a loose alliance of academics, users, governments and manufacturers, who have adopted the TCP/IP protocol set and work on a basis of general agreement. Recommendations are published but their implementation is entirely voluntary. Because this has become the language of The Internet, there is great commercial demand for compliance with most recommendations, and consequently compatibility is rarely an issue. Beginning Help Previous

9. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 9 ANSI Standards  The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is “the administrator and coordinator of the United States private sector voluntary standardization system. It is a private, nonprofit membership organization supported by a diverse constituency of private and public sector organizations.  ANSI is the sole U.S. representative and dues-paying member of the the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and, via the U.S. National Committee (USNC), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).  In the data communications arena, ANSI has been responsible for promoting the development of the Fiber Distributed Data Interchange (FDDI) standard”. Beginning Help Previous

10. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 10  The IETF is part of the United Nations.  True  False Standards Bodies - Review Question 1 Beginning Help Review that information again Standards Bodies Move on to the next question

11. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 11  The Internet Engineering Task Force in responsible for controlling the definition of protocols for the Internet, but it is not part of the United Nations. The ITU-T is part of the United Nations Wrong Answer Review that information again Beginning Help Move on to the next question Standards Bodies

12. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 12 Correct Answer Review that information again Well done The Internet Engineering Task Force in responsible for controlling the definition of protocols for the Internet, but it is not part of the United Nations. The ITU-T is part of the United Nations Beginning Help Move on to the next question Standards Bodies

13. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 13  Which of the following Standards Bodies is responsible for the definition of the Ethernet and Token Ring LAN standards?  ANSI  IEEE  IETF  ITU-T Standards Bodies - Review Question 2 Beginning Help Review that information again Standards Bodies

14. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 14  The IETF is responsible for Internet Standards. The IEEE defined Ethernet as IEEE 802.3 and Token Ring as IEEE 802.5. Wrong Answer Review that information again Beginning Help Standards

15. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 15  ANSI is responsible for the FDDI networking standard. The IEEE defined Ethernet as IEEE 802.3 and Token Ring as IEEE 802.5. Wrong Answer Review that information again Beginning Help Standards

16. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 16  The ITU-T is responsible for setting international standards where Public networks are involved. The IEEE defined Ethernet as IEEE 802.3 and Token Ring as IEEE 802.5. Wrong Answer Review that information again Beginning Help Standards

17. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 17 Correct Answer Review that information again Well done The IEEE defined Ethernet as IEEE 802.3 and Token Ring as IEEE 802.5. Beginning Help Standards

18. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 18 Local Area Network Standards  The standards used within LANs have been faster moving than those associated with Wide Areas. Therefore a range of organisations have been responsible for evolving standards. To ensure co-ordination of these standards these organisations feed their standards into ITU. The main organisations with relevant standards today are  For example, Xerox, Digital and Intel produced a technology known as Ethernet; it became a standard known as IEEE 802.3, and was then accepted by ITU and became ISO 8802.3. Standards Beginning Help the ATM Forum, the American National Standards Institute, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). Review Questions

19. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 19  There are several organisations responsible for defining LAN standards.  True  False LAN Standards - Review Question 1 Beginning Help Review that information again LAN Standards

20. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 20  There is only one body which defines standards to be used with public networks – the ITU-T. As the standards used within LANs have been faster moving than those associated with Wide Areas, a range of organisations have been responsible for evolving these standards. Wrong Answer Review that information again Beginning Help LAN Standards

21. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 21 Correct Answer Review that information again Well done As the standards used within LANs have been faster moving than those associated with Wide Areas, a range of organisations have been responsible for evolving these standards. Beginning Help LAN Standards

22. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 22 Data transport standards  Standards have not been so rigidly set when it comes to sending data over a network. The ISO did set a range of standards, known as OSI, but they were too cumbersome to be of commercial value. Therefore a number of manufacturers have developed “open” standards which others are able to use. These include Novell’s NetWare, Microsoft’s NetBEUI and IBM’s SNA/SDLC.  The exception to this are the range of standards which make up the work of Beginning Help  the Internet Engineering Task Force. the Internet Engineering Task Force. Standards Review Questions

23. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 23  Which of the following protocols is NOT a Data Transport standard. NetBEUI  NetWare  FDDI  SNA Data Transport Standards – Review Question 1 Beginning Help Review that information again Data Transport Standards

24. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 24  NetBEUI is a data Transport standard developed by Microsoft. FDDI, Fibre Distributed Data Interchange, is an Access method protocol. Wrong Answer Review that information again Beginning Help Data Transport Standards

25. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 25  SNA is a data Transport standard developed by IBM. FDDI, Fibre Distributed Data Interchange, is an Access method protocol Wrong Answer Review that information again Beginning Help Data Transport Standards

26. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 26  NetWare is a data Transport standard developed by Novell. FDDI, Fibre Distributed Data Interchange, is an Access method protocol Wrong Answer Review that information again Beginning Help Data Transport Standards

27. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 27 Correct Answer Review that information again Well done The FDDI, Fibre Distributed Data Interchange, is an Access method protocol. Beginning Help Data Transport Standards

28. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 28 Why do I need to know that?  Multiple standards exist for many functions  Some will operate together  Some can be translated one to another  Some do not!  Interoperability between different vendors equipment is crucial to a successful conference. Not all vendors implement the same standards, and some standards will inter-operate while others will not. A basic knowledge of the standards will help you to identify these situations, and will help you to understand error messages. Standards Beginning Help How could it affect my network?

29. © Copyright Ezenia Inc, 2000 29 Why do I need to know that?  In the diagram, endpoints transmitting signals of Type A will clearly communicate; Type B can be transcoded into Type A and so can communicate, but Type X cannot be transcoded. It is therefore quite obvious why the endpoint using Type X cannot successfully join the conference. Previous Beginning Help Type A Type B Type X