1. PARTS OF SPEECH "There is no education like adversity."
Disraeli, Endymion

2. In the English language . . .
There are nine parts of speech . . .
Nouns
Verbs
Pronouns
Adjectives
Adverbs
Conjunctions
Articles
Prepositions
Interjections
It is important to understand that every word in a sentence has a job to do, a role in the sentence.

3. Noun:person, place,thing or quality
Person: Mr. Garcia likes to eat spinach.
Place: Mission is an old town.
Thing: To cook you need a couple of pots.
Quality: Honesty is a great value to possess.

4. Verb: shows action or state of being
Action: He ran through the forest.
State of being: He was sad that particular morning.
Being verbs: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been, had, have, has

5. Pronoun: takes the place of a noun
Guillermo was studying for the mid-term exam when he realized that it was three o’clock in the morning.
(There are actually many types of pronouns: personal, interrogative,demonstrative, indefinite, relative, possessive, reflexive, reciprocal)

6. Subjective Case Pronouns Objective Case Pronouns
Pronoun Case
Case refers to the function that word is performing in the sentence. For pronouns there are two cases, objective and subjective.
These cases refer to the subject of a sentence versus the object of the sentence. When a pronoun replaces a noun, the pronoun must match that noun’s case.
Subjective Case Pronouns
Objective Case Pronouns I Me
You
You (your)
He, She, It
Him, Her, It We Us
They
Them
Who
Whom

7. Adjective: describes a noun
The beautiful woman only wanted a couple of pairs of shoes.
The rainy day made us even sadder.

8. Adverb: describes a verb, adjective or another adverb
The little girl walked happily through the park.
The orphan hungrily ate the hot stew.

9. Conjunctions: words that join words, phrases or sentences
Manuel and Marisol loved to cook.
You will go to school, or you will fail.
I am happy because I just received my check.
It has been cloudy since the morning.

10. The bicycle was not only red but shiny.
Article: There are only three articles--the, a , an (Actually, articles are adjectives and not a different part of speech)
The bicycle was not only red but shiny.
A yellow moon always appears in October.
An excellent student, Armando passed all his exams.

11. Interjections: expressive words
Wow! You knocked that ball out of the park.
Oh, you really need to take care of yourself.
Huh, what did you say?
Ah, now I understand the problem.

12. The dog was under the table. These are some common prepositions:
Preposition: A word or phrase that shows the relationship between the noun that it takes as an object and some other word in the sentence.
The cat was on the table.
The dog was under the table.
These are some common prepositions:
For on to up
at under above toward
With between in behind
From upon into off

13. Kinds of Prepositions:
@ Simple prepositions: Prepositions which consists only one word. e.g. in, on, at, with, against Compound prepositions: Prepositions which consists of two or more words. e.g. instead of, in the middle of, by the side of etc.., 13

14. Kinds of Prepositions There are three types of prepositions
Place of Prepositions
Time of Prepositions
Direction of Prepositions 14

15. Prepositions of Place
Some prepositions show where something happens. They are called prepositions of place.
Examples:-
Sanny was sitting under a tree.
There’s a wooden floor underneath the carpet.
Some geese flew over their house.
John and Sarah were hiding inside the wardrobe.
There was a tree beside the river.
I have a friend who lives in America. 15

16. Special Rules for Prepositions of Place
In a country, area, state, city or neighborhood
On the surface of a street or block
At a specific address or intersection of two streets

17. Prepositions of Time
Some prepositions show when something happens. They are called prepositions of time.
Examples:-
School starts at nine o’clock.
We’re going to the zoo on Saturday.
No, you can’t watch a video. It’s past your bedtime already.
I visited my grandparents during the summer.
You must finish the work by Friday.
I’ll do my homework before dinner. 17

18. Specific Rules for Prepositions of Time
At, by or until a specific time
In a specific time period (year, month, decade…etc.)
For a duration of time
Since a starting date or time
On a specific day or date
During a continuing time period

19. Prepositions of Direction
Some prepositions show where something is going. They are called prepositions of direction.
Examples:-
The boys chased after each other.
The football rolled down the hill.
A man was walking his dog along the riverbank.
The freeway goes right through the city.
We were travelling towards Miami. 19

20. Special Rules for Prepositions of Direction
In(to) and out of for small vehicles like cars and chairs with arms
On and Off (of) for large vehicles (mass transit) and armless chairs or any long seat.

21. Other Special Rules Between two, among three or more
From a starting point, to a destination
Towards a place, in the direction of
Into (entering) a place
In (inside) a place
On a surface
Off a surface

22. TRY THIS: 1. A cat was sitting _______the roof of my car. (place)
2. Some people were talking ___the movie. (time)
3. A man was coming____ us on his bike. (direction)
4. The party starts_____ six o’clock. (time)
5. She put the book ____her bag. (place)
6. We walked____ the street to the park. (place)
7. She keeps her slippers____ her bed. (place)
8. We always wash our hands ____meals. (time)
9. She ran ____the dog because she was frightened. (direction) 22

23. Identify each word in the following sentence
The beautiful queen was walking slowly on the cool lawn, and she was reading a long book about knights and kings which she enjoyed.
Check next slide for answers! 23

24. The beautiful queen was walking slowly
article adjective noun verb verb adverb
on the cool lawn, and she was reading a
preposition article adjective noun conjunction pronoun verb verb article
long book about knights and kings which
adjective noun preposition noun conjunction noun preposition
she enjoyed.
Pronoun verb 24

25. Assignment: Identify parts of speech 1
Assignment: Identify parts of speech 1. The queen knew that she would be the only pretty woman at the party The king did not know if he was going to make the cake, and he was afraid to tell the queen The thin waitress told the customers that they desperately needed to go on a diet I ran many miles every day, and I couldn’t lose a pound This quiz was a piece of cake. 25