1. BIOMETRICS

2. What is Biometrics?
Something that you know- password, PIN, or personal information such as your mother's maiden name)
Something that you have- a card key, smart card,
Something that you are- a biometric.
Bio= “life”, metro=“measure” (ancient Greek)

3. Why Biometrics?
Biometric is the most secure and convenient authentication tool. It can't be borrowed, stolen, or forgotten.
Control for businesses
Passwords are not user-friendly
Inexpensive implementation
Less administration (paperwork, cards, etc.)
Saves money (no need for producing keys, etc.)

4. Biometrics are automated methods of identifying a person or verifying the identity of a person based on a physiological characteristic or behavioral characteristic.

5. Uses of Biometrics Simple: Advanced:
Verification – Is this who he claims to be?
Identification – who is this?
Advanced:
Detecting multiple identities
Patrolling public spaces

6. Identification Methods
Enrollment
Biometric data is collected for a known identity
Reference template is created and stored
Authentication
Identification: comparison of biometric data to all available data files in a database
Verification: comparison of biometric data to previously stored version

7. Biometrics

8. Fingerprint Recognition
Identification by using patterns of an individual's fingertips that are unique to that individual. By far the most widely accepted biometric.

9. Fingerprint Recognition
Strengths:
Fingerprints don’t change over time
Widely believed fingerprints are unique
Weaknesses:
Scars
Attacks:
Surgery to alter or remove prints
“Gummy fingers”
Corruption of the database

10. Fingerprint Recognition

11. Face Recognition
The identification of a person by their facial image characteristics

12. Face Recognition Strengths: Weaknesses: Attacks:
Database can be built from driver’s license records, visas, etc.
Few people object to having their photo taken
Weaknesses:
No real scientific validation
Attacks:
Surgery
Facial Hair
Hats
Turning away from the camera

13. Facial Recognition Process
1) Digitally scan an existing photograph 2) Acquire a live picture of a subject 3) software is used to locate the faces in the image that has been obtained 4) software measures face according to is peaks and valleys (nodal points) 5) the face print created by the software is compared to all face prints the system has stored in its database.

14. 6) software decides whether or not any comparisons from step 4 are close enough to declare a possible match

15. Voice Recognition:
Identification using the features of speech that have been found to differ between individuals

16. Voice Recognition Strengths: Weaknesses: Attacks:
Most systems have audio hardware
Works over the telephone
Can be done covertly
Lack of negative perception
Weaknesses:
Background noise (airplanes)
No large database of voice samples
Attacks:
Tape recordings
Identical twins / sound alike

17. Iris Recognition
This identification method uses the unique characteristics of the eye.

18. Iris Recognition Strengths: Weaknesses: Attacks: 300+ characteristics;
200 required for match
Weaknesses:
Fear
Discomfort
Proprietary acquisition device
Algorithms may not work on all individuals
No large databases
Attacks:
Surgery

19. Hand Scan Typical systems measure 90 different features:
Overall hand and finger width
Distance between joints
Bone structure
Primarily for access control:
Machine rooms
Olympics
Strengths:
No negative connotations – non-intrusive
Reasonably robust systems
Weaknesses:
Accuracy is limited; can only be used for 1-to-1 verification

20. Behavior Biometrics:
Handwriting (static & dynamic)
Keystroke dynamics

21. Keystroke Recognition
Uses rhythm and manner in which characters are typed into a keyboard
Typing characteristics are unique to individuals
Indicators
Speed in words per minute
Delays
Specific sequences of characters
Typing errors
Seek time and hold time

22. Biometrics are used by:
Government
Military
Schools
Commerce
Law Enforcement

23. Examples of Biometrics Usage
Governments worldwide use biometrics for passports and airport security.
Police agencies use fingerprints and DNA for identification and forensics.
Financial institutions use palm/finger vein authentication to secure ATMs.
Companies use biometrics to keep time records, secure locations and improve user convenience.

24. Business Applications
Biometric Door entry
Secured Safes
Computer/Network Logon
Employee Time cards
U.S. Visit Program
Schools

25. Sample of Applications
Voter Registration / Management
Driver Licensing
Border Control
Passport / VISA
Welfare / Government Insurance (WIC)
Criminal ID / Wanted Persons Lookup
Jail Management
Airports / Frequent Traveler / Passenger Tracking
Check Cashing
e-Commerce & Financial Services
Identity Theft

26. Things That Make Biometrics Work
Uniqueness - The same trait will not appear in two people
Universality - The trait has to occur in many people as possible
Permanence - The trait does not change over time
Measurability - The trait can be measured with simple technical instruments
User friendliness - The trait is easily measured with minimal discomfort

27. Problems With Biometrics
Simple Hygiene of users may create problems with
authentication
If the person has arthritis, long fingernails, is wearing hand cream or has circulation problems then this will not produce a good reading
Around half the population wears glasses or contact lenses

28. Future of Biometrics Active Advertisement
DNA matching the "ultimate" biometric technology which would produce proof-positive identification of an individual.
Active Advertisement
Advertisements based on who you are
National Biometric Database
National Database of citizens used for multiple purposes
Automobile Security = No more keys, just you

29. Future of Biometrics

30. Future…