1. 23/10/20151 BACTERIA Diplococcus (pneumonia) Streptococcus (sore throat) Staphylococcus (boils) (“Coccus” means “round”) Bacillus (T.B. Tetanus) (Rod shaped) Treponema (Syphilis)(Spiral Shaped)

2. 23/10/20152 VIRUSES Viruses can only reproduce inside living cells. Viruses have specific targets e.g. –Cold virus cells lining nose Viruses are specific to one host e.g. Myxamatosis is fatal to rabbits but not harmful to humans.

3. 23/10/20153 FUNGI Fungi cause rapid deterioration of food leading to disease. Plants have thick wall that prevents entry. Human Skin (Intact) prevents invasion. Examples of fungal infections:- –Tinia Pedis (athletes foot) –Candida (thrush in mouth or vagina)

4. 23/10/20154 Sources: Ross, J. and Wilson K (1981) Foundations of Anatomy and Physiology, Churchill Livingstone N.Y. Immunity NaturalArtificial Active Contact with the disease Passive Placenta breast milk Active Vaccination toxoid Passive Immune serum Active: causes individual to make own antibodies Passive: antibodies acquired by other means, body is passive

5. 23/10/20155 Social Factors Accidents environment Health expectations Language Family environment Education PollutionNoise Life chances (the “haves and “have nots”) AccidentsPeers

6. 23/10/20156 Economic Factors Dependents (under 16 years) Diet Housing Social activities Health care JobEducation GenderWork environment

7. 23/10/20157 Factors that may affect the foetus STIs Caffeine Folic acid Lead poisoning Diet Genetic disorders Drugs Immunisation/ vaccination Exercise Smoking Health hazards Rubella (German Measles) HIV/AIDS Alcohol Brenn and et al (2001) Child Development Hadder and Stoughton: London