1. Plurals & Spelling Rules
Write Source 654,

2. Plurals 654.1 Most Nouns 654.2 Nouns Ending in sh, ch, x, s, and z
Add s to the singular (sign-signs)
654.2 Nouns Ending in sh, ch, x, s, and z
Add es to the singular (lunch-lunches, dish-dishes, mess-messes)
654.3 Nouns Ending in y
Preceded by a consonant: change the y to an e and adding es. (fly-flies)
Preceded by a vowel & all proper nouns: add only an s. (donkey-donkeys)
654.4 Nouns Ending in o
Preceded by a vowel: add s (radio-radios)
Preceded by a consonant: add es (echo-echoes)
Exception: musical terms- always add s (piano-pianos)
654.5 Nouns Ending in ful
Add an s at the end of the word (three pailfuls)
Note (page 654): (three pails full- referring to three separate pails full of something)
654.6 Compound Nouns
Add s or es to the important word in the compound. (brothers-in-law, maids of honor)

3. Plurals Continued 656.1 Nouns ending in f or fe
Plural ends with f sound (chief-chiefs)
Plural ends with v sound (wife-wives)
656.2 Irregular Spelling
Crisis-crises
Child-children
Index-indices/indexes
Deer-Deer
656.3 Words Discussed as Words
Plurals of symbols, letters, numbers, and words being discussed as words are formed by adding an apostrophe and an s (A’s, B’s, wow’s)
Note: you may omit apostrophe to avoid confusion (YMCA’s or YMCAs)
656.4 Collective Nouns
Singular: group as a unit (The class was on its best behavior.)
Plural: individuals in the group (The class are preparing for their final exams.)

4. Spelling 664.1 Write i before e 664.2 Words with Consonant Endings
Write i before e except after c, or when sounded like a as in neighbor and weigh relief, receive, reign, freight
664.2 Words with Consonant Endings
One-syllable word ends in a consonant preceded by a vowel, then double final consonant before adding suffix (bat-batting)
664.3 Words with a Silent e
If a word ends with a silent e, drop the e before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel. Do not drop e when the suffix begins with a consonant.
State-stating-statement & use-using-useful
664.4 Words ending in y
When y is the last letter in a word and the y is preceded by a consonant, change the y to i before adding any suffix except those that begin with i.
Fry-fries-frying, hurry-hurried-hurrying
If the y is preceded by a vowel, do not change to an I
Play-plays-playful, stay-stays-staying
Commonly Misspelled Words