1. The Americas Part 2 Settlement and Independence

2. After the Europeans realized they were not in Asia or the Indies, they focused on gathering the riches of this “New World”.

3. European Colonization Starting in the 1500s, first the Spanish and then the Portuguese began settling parts of the Americas. By the late 1500s, French, English, and other European settlers arrived in North America. Most came for one of three reasons: 1.To farm the plentiful land available., 2.To search for valuable minerals like gold. 3.To escape religious or political PERSECUTION.

4. Map of European Colonial Claims in the 1700s.

5. The three main rivals who tried to control North America in the 1700s, were the English, the French, and the Spanish.

6. The English had 13 colonies on the Atlantic Seaboard.

7. French Colonies The French were primarily in North America to trap and trade rather than to permanently settle. Many of them did intermarry with the local native women. The settlements they did create were mainly in Quebec along the St. Lawrence River. Other settlements were established along the Mississippi River, the most famous being the city of New Orleans.

8. New France included land along the St. Lawrence River, the Great Lakes, and land drained by the Mississippi River.

9. Spanish Colonies The Spanish ruled large areas west of the Mississippi River, although they did set up the first European colony on U. S. soil in 1565 at St. Augustine, Florida. The Spanish settled large areas of modern- day Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California.

10. The Spanish were the first Europeans to claim large parts of both North and South America. By 1750, they did have some settlements in parts of what is now the southern U. S.

11. After losing the French and Indian War, the French government was basically kicked out of North America, but settlers stayed behind.

12. The U. S. was first in the Americas to gain independence.

13. Eventual Territorial Growth of the U. S. 1783 - 1853

14. Canadian Independence With so many Americans arriving in Canada, during and after the American Revolution, the British eventually divided it into two parts. Lower Canada was established along the eastern part of the St. Lawrence River where mainly French was spoken. Upper Canada, included the western part of the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes region. English was mainly spoken.

15. Lower Canada is shown in green. Upper Canada is shown in yellow. English-Speaking French-Speaking Please do not be confused by terms “Lower” and “Upper”. In this instance, “Lower” refers to the area near the mouth of a river. “Upper” refers to being further up the river, near its source.

16. Upper and Lower Canada united in 1841, and self-government was approved by Great Britain in 1849. In 1867, the Dominion of Canada was established, and the provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick were united. Manitoba, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island were then added later. Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Newfoundland were added in the 1900s.

17. 1867 1870 1871 1873 1905 1949 1870 1898 1999

18. The Map in 1800 Latin America was dominated by the Spanish and the Portuguese. Other Europeans such as the British, French, and Dutch, had smaller influences.

19. Viceroyalty of New Spain – Early 1800s Included Mexico, and several of the Central American countries.

20. Viceroyalty of New Granada – Early 1800s Included Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador.

21. Viceroyalty of Peru – Early 1800s Included most of the modern-day countries of Peru and Chile.

22. Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata – Early 1800s Included the modern- day countries of Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina. Brazil had to earn its independence from Portugal.

23. Until around 1800, about 2,000 Portuguese and Spanish settlers arrived each year. Other Europeans, especially Italians, British, French, and Germans came. In modern times, so many of them settled in the nations of Argentina and Uruguay, that they were known as immigrant nations. Europeans Migrate to Latin America

24. Independence Inspired by the American Revolution, people living in Latin America began to desire their independence as well. Throughout the first half of the 1800s, many of them began to achieve it. Haiti, a French colony, was the first to gain independence in 1804. Most of the Spanish colonies had to fight and struggle to gain their independence.

25. Many of the island nations stayed colonies well into the 20 th century.