1. R&D Scintillators / Photodetectors @ IPN Orsay Joël Pouthas R&D Detector Department

2. http://ipnweb.in2p3.fr/~rdd Joël PouthasMay 2007IPN Orsay Gaseous detectors Wire chambers, MPGD ALICE @ CERN HADES @ GSI R&D on Micromegas 5 engineers 3 mechanical designers 2 technicians in electronics 4 technicians in detector assembly Scintillators Photomultipliers G0 & DVCS @ Jefferson Lab. P.AUGER Observatory PANDA @ GSI

3. Joël PouthasMay 2007IPN Orsay Large Photomultipliers Started with AUGER Surface Detectors PMT : PHOTONIS XP 1805 (9’’) Base design : IPN Orsay (End of 2000) Production : 5000 pieces (2001-2005) Photonis, IPN Orsay, INFN Torino Continue with R&D Programs Climat Test Cabinet IPN Orsay / PHOTONIS (Sept 03-Sept 06) Definition and construction of test benches Construction and measurements of different PMTs (5”,8”,9”,10”) Photocathode characterization. Afterpulse measurements IPN Orsay / PHOTONIS (Sept 06-Sept 09) End of measurements (12”,15”?). Afterpulse and glass studies Hybrid (Scintillator) PMT IPN Orsay / LAL Orsay / LPP Annecy /PHOTONIS (2007-2010) PMm2 (ANR Program) R&D for neutrino Megaton Detectors Interest for PARIS ? Existing benches for PMT tests Good connection to the PMT supplier PHOTONIS

4. Joël PouthasMay 2007IPN Orsay Electromagnetic Calorimeters 424 crystals, 160 mm long, pointing geometry, ~ 1 degree/crystal, APD readout Inner calorimeter (PbWO 4 ) DVCS / CLAS Jefferson Lab, USA 2002 R&D and preliminary tests 2003 Design and construction of a prototype 2004 (Jan) Prototype test on beam 2004 Final design and construction 2005 (Mar) Experiment PROTOTYPE 100 Crystals

5. Joël PouthasMay 2007IPN Orsay Electromagnetic Calorimeters DVCS / CLAS Jefferson Lab, USA Interest for PARIS ? Mechanical integration Studies on carbon fiber supports

6. Joël PouthasIPN OrsayPANDA Collaboration Existing GSI Facilities FAIR : Future Facility at GSI Darmsdat, Germany HESR HESR : antiproton storage ring 1-15 GeV/c PANDA : 4π internal target detector Electromagnetic Calorimeters

7. 1999 - Letter of Intent 2001 – CDR (Conceptual Design Report) Feb 2005 – Technical Progress Report 2012 - End of construction Joël PouthasIPN OrsayPANDA Collaboration What is PANDA ? Central Forward Central (Target Spectrometer) 2 Tesla Solenoid Magnet Micro vertex Straw tubes (or TPC) DIRC-like Cerenkov Electromagnetic Calorimeter HESR : antiproton storage ring 1-15 GeV/c PANDA : 4π internal target detector 1.94 m

8. Joël PouthasIPN OrsayPANDA Collaboration PANDA CalorimeterRequirements Geometry Compact Close to 4π PWO, Lead Tungstate (PbWO 4 ) BGO, Bismuth Germanate (Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 ) New crystals (LSO, LYSO) ? Energy range 10 GeV down to 10 MeV Magnetic field 2T Costs and available Plants 20 000 crystals of 20cm long Cooled (-25°C) CMS and ALICE Collaborations Scintillator Low radiation length Low Molière radius APD Photodetector: no PMT

9. Joël PouthasIPN OrsayPANDA Collaboration PANDA CalorimeterR&D Programs PWO, Lead Tungstate (PbWO4)Cooled (-25°C)APD LAAPD, large size APD Low noise electronics Increase the PWO light yield Mechanical design and cooling

10. Joël PouthasIPN OrsayPANDA Collaboration PANDA CalorimeterMechanical Design Barrel Length: 2.5 m Radius: 0.57 m 11 520 crystals (Front face 21x21mm 2 ) (200 mm long) 16 slices of 720 crystals

11. Joël PouthasIPN OrsayPANDA Collaboration PANDA Calorimeter 16 slices of 720 crystals Bending: 0.25 mm under 750 kg in 6 modules Support beam Close to CMS EMC … but, must be cooled to -25° Mechanical Design

12. Joël PouthasIPN OrsayPANDA Collaboration Mechanical DesignPANDA Calorimeter 4 crystals per alveole Hold by the back Aluminium insert with 4 APDs and a quad preamplifier Crystals wrapped in 70 µm ESR ( VM 2000 ) Carbon wall: 180 µm Carbon alveoles

13. Joël PouthasIPN OrsayPANDA Collaboration Mechanical DesignPANDA Calorimeter Carbon alveoles 4 crystals per alveole Deformation tests In agreement ( 10% ) with calculations on Composite material (Max deformation 100 µm)

14. Joël PouthasIPN OrsayPANDA Collaboration Mechanical DesignPANDA Calorimeter Gluing tests Thermal cycles ( – 25°C / + 60°C ) Carbon fiber + Al Insert Loaded with 10 kg of dummy crystals

15. Preamp. PWO Insulated cooled box Joël PouthasIPN OrsayPANDA Collaboration Cooling studiesPANDA Calorimeter Dedicated Set up Model adjustment (Calculations on Flotherm) Sensors 4 Preamp in a tight box

16. Joël PouthasIPN OrsayPANDA Collaboration Cooling studiesPANDA Calorimeter Quad Preamp APDs 4 Crystals 4 Crystals Screen Crystal R1 T2 T1 Cold face APD R2 R3 Cable T4 T3 APD connection preamplifier : Δ+4°C Front face temperature: Δ+0°C Analytical model APD Temperature Stable : 20 mm Vacuum screen Heat source 50 mW per Preamp Cold face 0.2 °C variation for 10°C external variation +20°C -25°C Zoom Temp scale

17. PANDA Calorimeter L arge A rea A valanche P hoto D iodes in collaboration withHamamatsu Photonics CMS 5x5mm 2 10x10mm 2 New Joël PouthasIPN OrsayPANDA Collaboration Extensive studies Low energy (Na 22 ) with a small BGO crystal Gain = f (V,T) Resolution R&D on APD

18. Joël PouthasIPN OrsayPANDA Collaboration Next milestonesPANDA Calorimeter “Straight Prototype” 25 crystals (22x22mm 2, 200mm) Beam tests à Mainz on February and June 2007 “Full size Prototype” 60 crystals Type 6 sub module (22x22mm 2, 200mm, tapered) Ready by Spring 2007 Beam tests on Fall 2007 “ PMT (crystal response) APD + Preamp Calorimeter response (Step effect) Barrel integration test (Mechanics, APD, Quad Preamp, Cooling)

19. Joël PouthasMay 2007IPN Orsay Electromagnetic Calorimeters Interest for PARIS ? Mechanical integration on a large scale Fabrication of carbon fiber supports IPN Orsay Studies on cooling and thermal stabilities PANDA FAIR, Germany Knowledge about APDs in the Collaboration

20. Joël PouthasMay 2007IPN Orsay R&D for NUSTAR @ FAIR EXL High Vacuum Gaseous target Silicon Detectors Calorimeter

21. Joël PouthasMay 2007IPN Orsay R3B Calorimeter H. Alvarez Pol GENP – Univ. Santiago de Compostela Simulations: Geometry and Energy resolutions Detector tests R&D for NUSTAR @ FAIR

22. Joël PouthasMay 2007IPN Orsay Common R&D for the EXL and R3B Calorimeters Basic design : CsI(Tl) Studies on alternative solutions R3B Calorimeter R&D for NUSTAR @ FAIR

23. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Milano - October 2006IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré23 Measurements of CsI(Tl) Jean Peyré Milano - Oct 2006 22x22x22mm 3 22x22x220mm 3 44x22x200mm 3 66x22x200mm 3 4 sizes of CsI(Tl) crystals from Saint-Gobain

24. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Milano - October 2006 XP1912  Ø 19 mm (Active area 176mm 2 ), bialkaly XP5300B  Ø 76 mm, green extended bialkaly Quantum efficiency »XP1912 29% at 439nm, 10% at 547nm »XP5300B 32% at 439nm, 16% at 547nm XP5300B XP1912 S8664-1010 PMTs Photonis APD Hamamatsu Active area 10x10 mm 2 Quantum efficiency 70% at 420nm 85% at 550nm Photodetectors

25. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Milano - October 2006 Experimental setup Source Photomultiplier Wooden black box Translation of source Source Lead collimator Crystal XP5300B

26. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Milano - October 2006 Results CsI(Tl)+Teflon+XP5300B+ 137 Cs Global Resolution is quite constant along the Crystal Variation from 14% to 38% of collected light along the Crystal Collected light for 137Cs peak VS position of impact Energy Resolution FWHM

27. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Milano - October 2006 Crystal wrapped with VM2000 Change of crystal wrapping

28. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Milano - October 2006 Results CsI( Tl )+XP5300B+ 137 Cs Problems with 22x22x22O CsI(Tl) crystal Resolution better with VM2000 -> Chosen for all next tests Collected light for 137Cs peak VS position of impact

29. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Milano - October 2006 Results for PMT/VM2000+ 137 Cs Collected light for 137Cs peak VS position of impact XP5300B XP1912 2 PMT sizes (with different QE) Ø 76 mm and Ø 19 mm

30. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Milano - October 2006 Results CsI(Tl)+VM2000+APD+ 137 Cs Collected light for 137Cs peak VS position of impact APD APD (S8664 – 1010) 10 x 10 mm 2

31. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Milano - October 2006 Problems close to the APD (Direct interaction of low energy γ-rays) APD APD (S8664 – 1010) 10 x 10 mm 2 Results CsI(Tl)+VM2000+APD+137Cs

32. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Milano - October 2006 Energy Resolutions CsI(Tl )+VM2000+APD/PMT+ 137 Cs 5,74% 8,05% 8,23%9,39% 6,70% 9,40%10,33% 5,86%6,57% 12,28% 22x22x2222x22x22044x22x20066x22x200 XP5300B XP1912 APD S8664-1010

33. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Milano - October 2006 Energy Resolutions CsI( Tl )+VM2000+XP1912+ 137 Cs+ 60 Co+ 56 Co Collected light for 137 Cs, 60 Co, 56 Co peaks VS position of impact XP1912

34. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Milano - October 2006 Energy Resolutions CsI( Tl )+VM2000+APD+ 137 Cs+ 60 Co+ 56 Co Collected light for 137 Cs, 60 Co, 56 Co peaks VS position of impact APD

35. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Orsay - May 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré35 New results and orientations Tests on CsI(Na) crystals Tests on LaCl 3 and LaBr 3 Timing measurements (LaCl 3, LaBr 3 ) Measurements with square shaped PMTs

36. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Orsay - May 2007 Comparison of crystals (Energy resolution) 60Co 137Cs 56Co LaBr3 LaCl3 CsI(Tl) CsI(Na) 22x22x22 Diam25x25

37. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Orsay - May 2007 Resolution of LaBr3

38. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Orsay - May 2007 Resolution of LaBr3 LaBr3 diam25x25 measured @ IPNO

39. Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Orsay - May 2007 Possible Calorimeter Design Rectangular Crystals Square PMT (2 per envelop) Tests on a prototype

40. Joël PouthasMay 2007IPN Orsay Concluding remarks R&D are performed for other calorimeters Scintillators Photodetectors Mechanical assembly Electronics (not discussed here) Requirements from Physics must be clearly defined Resolution (Energy, Angular, Time ?) Spatial coverage (dead zones) Counting rates Possible coupling with other detectors ? … with a clear consideration of the cost issues

41. Joël PouthasMay 2007IPN Orsay Proposal Animation of a Working Group Technical synergies with other detectors (close collaboration with Jean Antoine)