1. What is Physics? Dictionary: “the study of matter, energy, and the interaction between them” Physics answers the questions 3 year olds ask – WHY??

2. Physics “the study of matter, energy, and the interaction between them” Matter anything that has mass and takes up space or the amount of stuff that makes up an object

3. Physics “the study of matter, energy, and the interaction between them” Energy - Ability or capacity to do work Work – process of moving an object Energy - Ability or capacity to move an object

4. Physics “the study of matter, energy, and the interaction between them”

5. Physics “the study of matter, energy, and the interaction between them” Key concept of course The source of all energy on Earth is the conversion of mass into energy

6. PHYSICS Most basic of the sciences Study of EVERYTHING  Motion (mechanics)  Fluids  Heat  Sound  Light and Optics  Electricity and Magnetism  Waves and Oscillations  Relativity  Atomic Structure  Nuclear Physics  Elementary Particle Physics  Astrophysics

7. Science is NOT just a mechanical process of collecting facts and making theories It is a CREATIVE PROCESS

10. SI base units QuantitySI unitsymbol Lengthmeterm Masskilogramkg Timeseconds Electric currentampereA temperaturekelvinK Luminous intensitycandelacd Amount of substancemolenol Dimensions and units All other units can be derived from the 7 base units

11. Metric Prefixes and Symbols Quantityprefix Sym 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 18 exaE 1 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 15 petaP 1 000 000 000 000 = 10 12 teraT 1 000 000 000 = 10 9 gigaG 1 000 000 = 10 6 megaM 1 000 = 10 3 kilok 100 = 10 2 Hectoh 10 = 10 1 decada 0.1 = 10 -1 decid 0.01 = 10 -2 centic 0.001 = 10 -3 millim 0.000 001 = 10 -6 micro  0.000 000 001 = 10 -9 nanon 0.000 000 000 001 = 10 -12 picop 0.000 000 000 000 001 = 10 -15 femtof 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10 -18 attoa H atom (10 -10 m) Astronomical Human Atomic Cellular Subatomic Proton (10 -15 m) Earth (1.3x10 7 m) Sun (1.4x10 9 m) Softball (10 -1 m) Milky Way (10 21 m) Electron, quarks proteins (5-10nm) cells (10 -5 m)

12. Scientific Notation: Used to express very large or very small numbers. Based on powers of 10 Examples: 20,000 = 2 x 10,000 = 2 x (10 x 10 x 10 x 10) = 2 x 10 4 487,100,000 = 4.971 x 10 8 0.000000582 = 5.82 x 10 -7 move decimal left 8 times move decimal right 7 times

13. Scientific Notation: Try these 5.3 x 10 -3 = 6.34 x 10 5 = 5.56 x 10 7 = 0.0053 634000 55600000 Try these 351000 = 0.00000877 = 3.51 x 10 5 8.77 x 10 -6

14. Rules for multiplication and division in Scientific Notation: Multiplication 1.Multiply coefficients 2.Add exponents Division 1.divide coefficients 2.subtract exponents

15. Express in Scientific Notation: (5 x 10 -5 )(7 x 10 10 ) = (5 x 10 -5 )(8 x 10 10 ) (4 x 10 4 ) = 3.5 x 10 6 1.6 x 10 11 5 x 10 10 81 x 10 -12

16. Dimensional Analysis 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 cm = 10 mm How many cm long is a 100 yard football field? problem-solving method that uses the fact that any number or expression can be multiplied by one without changing its value

17. Dimensional Analysis 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 cm = 10 mm 5280ft = 1mi 1.A fish tank is 20in x 12in x 12in. What is its volume in mm 3 ? 2.The speed of light is 3 x 10 8 m/s. What is the speed of light in mph? 4.7 x 10 7 mm 3 6.7 x 10 8 mph

18. Being able to manipulate formulae to solve for a variable is an extremely important skill in Physics. It is done to isolate a single variable to make problem solving easier. The formulae below are a few used during the course. Manipulate the variables algebraically and solve for the variable indicated.

19. The following are ordinary physics problems. Place the answer in scientific notation when appropriate and simplify the units. Algebra Review

20. Right Triangle Trigonometry Using the generic triangle to the right, Right Triangle Trigonometry and Pythagorean Theorem solve the following. Your calculator must be in degree mode. a)  =55 o and c=32m. Solve for a and b b) a=250m and b=180m. Solve for θ and c. SOHCAHTOA

21. Graphing and Analyzing Data

22. Variables Any factor that might affect the behavior of an experiment. Independent Variables – Factor that is changed or manipulated during the experiments – Always plotted on the x-axis – Time is usually the independent variable Dependent Variables – Factor that depends on the independent variable – Always plotted on the y-axis

23. Collecting and Recording Data At least 6 data points are necessary for a good graph. Raw data is recorded in a data table immediately as it is collected in the lab. Independent variable should cover a range of at least 10 fold if possible (eg. 0.2 to 2.0 m) Data Table – Construct data table before collecting the data – Independent variable in leftmost column of data table – Every column is labeled with the variable name being measured with the units in parentheses Values in table do not have units. – All data should be recorded with appropriate sig figs to indicate the precision of measurement (Same number of decimal places in each column)

24. Preparing the Data Raw data might have to be “prepared” before graphing If multiple trials were done, average the trials together to determine a representative value. An entry in your formal table that is a result of a calculation must include an explanation of the column and a SAMPLE CALCULATION

25. Graphing Data Purpose Determine relationship between two variables Plot data as scatter graphs (do not connect the data points) Graphs – Always include Title (in WORDS) DEPENDENT vs. INDEPENDENT variable – Label each axis with the variable and the UNITS – Recognize common relationships in graphs – Connect the data points with a line/curve of best fit to show the relationship between variables

26. Graphing Data Force Applied vs. Mass Direct Relationship Title (words) Axes labeled with variable symbols (not words) and units F=2m Dependent variable Independent variable

27. Graphical Analysis Four Basic Relationships – No relation – Linear Relations and Direct Relationship – Square Relations – Inverse or Hyperbolic Relations Develop mathematical model – Equation of best fit to graphed data