1. Metadata for images Michael Day UKOLN: UK Office for Library and Information Networking University of Bath http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/ m.day@ukoln.ac.uk

2. Metadata for images Michael Day The Challenge of Image Retrieval CIR 99 - Second UK Conference on Image Retrieval, Forte Posthouse Hotel, Newcastle upon Tyne, 25-26 February 1999. http://www.unn.ac.uk/iidr/conference.html

3. 3 Presentation Outline Metadata: Contexts Dublin Core initiative Resource Description Framework Distributed and heterogeneous information: CIMI European initiatives Other metadata applications: Representation and authentication Digital preservation

4. 4 Metadata Contexts: Rapidly growing corpus of image- based information CBIR and metadata Metadata = data about data or … the Internet-age term for structured data about data - Joint NSF-EU Working Group on Metadata (1998) Format diversity

5. 5 A metadata typology Simple Rich Adapted from: Lorcan Dempsey and Rachel Heery, Metadata: a current view of practice and issues, Journal of Documentation, vol. 54, no.2, March 1998, pp. 145-172.

6. 6 Types of metadata Format diversity likely to persist Metadata creation and cataloguing Subject classification schemes: ICONCLASS Thesauri Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)

7. 7 Dublin Core (1) International initiative to define a core set of metadata elements for resource discovery on the Internet Six DC workshops (to date): DC-1 (Dublin, Ohio) - 1995 DC-2 (Warwick) - 1996 DC-3 (Dublin, Ohio) - 1996 DC-4 (Canberra) - 1997 DC-5 (Helsinki) - 1997 DC-6 (Washington, D.C.) - 1998 DC-7 (Frankfurt am Main) - 1999 http://purl.oclc.org/dc

8. 8 Dublin Core (2) 15 Elements: Title Subject Description Creator Publisher Contributor Date Type Core elements defined in RFC 2413: http://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/computing/internet/rfc/rfc2413.txt Format Identifier Source Language Relation Coverage Rights

9. 9 Dublin Core Qualifiers TYPE - refines the meaning of elements: –Relation TYPE=IsPartOf SCHEME - associates the value with an externally defined scheme: –Subject SCHEME=DDC –Date SCHEME=ISO 8601 LANGUAGE - indicates the language of the value: –Title LANGUAGE=en

10. 10 Dublin Core syntax Syntax issues: Simple DC can be embedded into HTML Web pages –Limited functionality Web moving to Extensible Markup Language (XML) Resource Description Framework –RDF... an architecture for metadata on the Web

11. 11 RDF Resource Description Framework: World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Data model and XML based syntax An implementation of the conceptual Warwick Framework Modular interoperability Useful for aggregating the different metadata types required for managing digital information over time http://www.w3.org/RDF/

12. 12 Integrating access Distributed and heterogeneous information: ANSI/NISO Z39.50 protocol Applications: Computer Interchange of Museum Information (CIMI) Consortium Aquarelle project Electronic Library Image Service for Europe (ELISE) Arts and Humanities Data Service (AHDS)

13. 13 Research processes Metadata interacts with the research process: Discovery Retrieval Collation Analysis Re-presentation David Bearman and Jennifer Trant, Unifying our cultural memory. Information Landscapes for a Learning Society: Networking and the Future of Libraries 3, University of Bath, 29 June - 1 July 1998. http://www.archimuse.com/papers/ukoln98paper/index.html

14. 14 Standards for images Types (Howard Besser): Technical information (for viewing) Capture processes Quality and veracity Original object Authentication Rights metadata Where should this metadata be kept? Image headers Separate databases

15. 15 Making of America II Three types of metadata: Descriptive Structural Administrative

16. 16 Digital preservation The existence of relevant metadata is the key to the future utilisation of image-based information Preservation strategies depend upon metadata: Digital Rosetta Stone (DRS) "Super-metadata"

17. 17 Research Libraries Group Date Transcriber Producer Capture device Capture details Change history Validation key Encryption Watermark Resolution Compression Source Color Color management Color bar / Grey scale bar Control targets RLG Working Group on Preservation Issues of Metadata (1998)

18. 18 OAIS A high-level model for archival information object classes: Content Information Preservation Description Information –Reference Information –Context Information –Provenance Information –Fixity Information Packaging Information Descriptive Information

19. 19 Implementations National Library of Australia PANDORA project 'logical data model' Cedars project Electronic Libraries Programme Consortium of University Research Libraries Defining data elements Demonstrators

20. 20 Conclusions Metadata complements CBIR approach to image retrieval Metadata has wider applications than discovery and retrieval Representation of information Rights management Authentication Preservation

21. 21 UKOLN UKOLN is funded by the British Library Research and Innovation Centre (BLRIC), the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) of the UK Higher Education Funding Councils, as well as by project funding from the JISCs Electronic Libraries (eLib) Programme and the European Union. UKOLN also receives support from the University of Bath, where it is based. http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/