1. Rethinking What We Do The Library’s Diminishing Market Share William E. Moen Texas Center for Digital Knowledge School of Library and Information Sciences University of North Texas

2. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 20072 To begin… It’s not as if we just landed in Oz … It’s not as if folks hadn’t been identifying the challenges and opportunities … It’s not as if we haven’t been Thinking Conducting research Discussing Experimenting …

3. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 20073 The library catalog and cataloging We used to know what the catalog described “We can catalog the Internet via traditional AACR and MARC practices” A little revision to the MARC record … And changing the very nature of the catalog

4. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 20074 Not Library Catalog

5. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 20075 The Web Licensed Databases Library Catalog Local Databases Amazon Google Digital Resources

6. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 20076 Taylor’s categories of added value Ease of use Noise reduction Quality Adaptability Time-saving Cost-saving

7. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 20077 Taylor’s ease of use (examples) Interface Browsing Formatting Interfacing – Mediation Interfacing – Orientation Ordering Physical accessibility System Alphabetizing Highlighting important terms

8. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 20078 Quesenbery’s 5 E's of Use Effective Efficient Engaging Error Tolerant Easy to Learn

9. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 20079 Access to library resources Your Library Information System Citation Databases Bibliographic Records Other Information Different: Interfaces Commands Presentation Gateway to the Internet

10. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 200710 Integrating access Single User Interface to Multiple Resources Citation Databases Bibliographic Records Digital Collections Local or Remote User Your Information System with Multiple Resources Local or Remote User

11. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 200711 OAIster.org A union catalog of digital resources Contains nearly 11,000,000 records describing freely-available and restricted- access digital resources Uses the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting Harvests the descriptive metadata (records) and makes those searchable Currently harvesting from over 700 digital repositories

12. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 200712 Index Data Master Key (prototype) Enables efficient metasearching of hundreds of databases at the same time Uses Z39.50, SRU/W, or proprietary protocols Open-source-based alternative to proprietary, closed-source metasearch alternatives. Supports: on-the-fly merging relevance-ranking sorting by arbitrary data elements facets for limiting result sets by subject, author, etc. Current demo searches open web resources OAIster Open Directory Wikipedia Open Content Alliance Can be used for metasearching of catalogs, commercial dbs, etc.

13. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 200713 Distributed and integrated accessRemote Information System (e.g., museum system) Remote Information System (e.g., archives) YourInformationSystem (e.g., library resources)

14. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 200714 The MCDU Project Provide empirical evidence of catalogers’ use of MARC content designation Identify commonly used elements of bibliographic records Contribute to community discussion about core elements in MARC bibliographic records Explore the evolution of MARC content designation Develop research approach to understand the factors influencing levels of MARC content designation use MARC Content Designation Utilization

15. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 200715 Richness of MARC MARC 21 Field Groups Currently Defined (MARC 21 or OCLC MARC Bib.) MARC 1972 00x63 0xx31128 1xx7640 2xx17615 3xx1554 4xx4537 5xx3448 6xx23566 7xx47741 8xx24936 9xx16 TOTAL2074278

16. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 200716 Number% %Total MCDU Project Dataset56,177,383100 LC-Created RecordsNon-LC-Created Records MCDU Project Dataset by LC/nonLC8,713,66515.547,463,71884.556,177,383 Books Records7,595,88713.534,546,20061.542,142,087 Cartographic Materials242,1320.4596,6421.1838,774 Electronic Resources39,8790.1871,8811.6911,760 Continuing Resources388,3320.72,193,0093.92,581,341 Manuscripts11,4710.024,390,9707.84,402,441 Music109,2490.21,167,6542.11,276,903 Sound Recordings241,9400.41,702,3423.01,944,282 Projected Media22,0880.041,415,6062.51,437,694 Graphic Materials62,6250.1506,4010.9569,026 Three-Dimensional Objects and Realia 620.000173,0130.173,075

17. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 200717 Example results 7,595,887 LC-created records in dataset Type of Record: Book, Pamphlets, and Printed Sheets Total number of unique fields: 167 Number of fields accounting for 80% of occurrences: 14 fields (8.3%) Number of fields accounting for 90% of occurrences: 21 fields (12.6%) Approximately 110 fields (66%) occur in less than 1% of all records [Note: Fields are cataloger-supplied, not system-supplied ]

18. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 200718 Example results Field Tag Number of Records Where Each Field is Used at Least Once Number of Total Occurrences of Each Field Cumulative Total Percentage of Field Occurrences 6505,387,28211,778,73210.910% 0087,595,887 17.945% 2457,595,887 24.981% 0107,595,726 32.016% 3007,586,2647,586,41539.043% 2607,585,9267,585,92846.069% 0507,027,0277,095,63952.642% 1005,626,0115,626,01857.853% 5003,264,2974,582,57162.097% 0203,845,934`4,235,42666.020% 0824,034,8884,036,10169.758% 0433,665,6243,665,62673.154% 5043,373,2973,403,71476.306% 7002,312,7123,240,07279.307% 880512,5632,327,50481.463%

19. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 200719 Questions for catalogers, 1 Can the data inform your local practices? What about the 60% of all fields used in less than 1% of the records? What is really needed in a bibliographic record? Support for the four user tasks? Management of information resources? How do your systems use the infrequently used data?

20. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 200720 Questions for catalogers, 2 Can you argue persuasively for the cost/benefit of your existing practice? Should the focus be on high-value, high- impact, high-quality data in a few fields/subfields? Can you identify these few fields/subfields? What would it mean for costs of cataloging? What would this mean for training?

21. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 200721 Adopting new cataloging practices Select the appropriate metadata scheme. Use level of description and schema (DC, LOM, VRA Core, etc,) appropriate to the bibliographic resource. Don’t apply MARC, AACR2, and LCSH to everything. Consider …abandoning the use of controlled vocabularies [LCSH, MESH, etc] for topical subjects in bibliographic records. Manually enrich metadata in important areas Enhance name, main title, series titles, and uniform titles for prolific authors in music, literature, and special collections. Automate Metadata Creation Encourage the creation of metadata by vendors, and its ingestion into our catalog as early as possible in the process. Import enhanced metadata whenever, wherever it is available from vendors and other sources. Rethinking How We Provide Bibliographic Services for the University of California (December 2005)

22. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 200722

23. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 200723 AquaBrowser – Arlington Public Lib

24. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 200724 Dempsey’s acronymic density or Metadata schemes: DC, MODS, CDWA, VRA, etc. Metadata content standards AACR, CCO, DACS, etc. Metadata encoding standards: MARC, XML, RDF, etc. Metadata container/wrapper standards: METS, MPEG, etc. Discipline specific metadata schemes: GILS, CSDGMI, GEM, IEEE-LOM, etc. Other schemes of interest: TEI, EAD, etc. “I've often said librarians should like any metadata they see.” (R. Tennant) …this is the present future!!

25. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 200725 The changes are here and coming The library as network centric not building centric A node on the network in competition for users The library catalog as one metadata repository A rich repository of detailed metadata, which needs to interact with other network systems The network centric library: Exposes, transforms, reuses, and aggregates metadata Supports interoperability of metadata The library cataloger as metadata maven Organizing and managing a wide variety of resources in multiple repositories with different metadata schemes Digital libraries Institutional repositories Image databases,,,,

26. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 200726 Closing quote Thus, if librarians are involved at all, it is already clear that their role with respect to metadata will be vastly different from their old cataloging role. As libraries and other agencies continue to make information accessible via the Web, there will be considerable need within the academy for the development of portals, tools, and strategies customized for precision research on the vast Web…. So far, most major developments in these areas have taken place outside of libraries, in the commercial database or portal world, and this trend is likely to continue. If colleges and universities determine that librarians should be involved, this could constitute a solid platform for academic libraries in the next generation. (Campbell, 2006)

27. MoenThe Eppes Lecture -- Florida State University -- March 20, 200727 References Index Data Master Key http://mkey.indexdata.com/demo/ OAIster.org MARC Content Designation Utilization Project http://www.mcdu.unt.edu Karen Calhoun. (2006). The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools http://www.loc.gov/catdir/calhoun-report-final.pdf Lorcan Dempsey. (2006). The Library Catalogue in the New Discovery Environment: Some Thoughts http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue48/dempsey/ Bibliographic Services Task Force. (2005). Rethinking How We Provide Bibliographic Services for the University of California http://libraries.universityofcalifornia.edu/sopag/BSTF/Final.pdf Designing the future -- Library Systems and Data Formats http://futurelib.pbwiki.com/ Next Generation Catalog [listserv] NGC4LIB@listserv.nd.edu Jerry D Campbell.(2006) Changing a Cultural Icon: The Academic Library as a Virtual Destination. http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/erm0610.pdf