1. 1. The Body’s Natural Defences 2. White Blood Cells 3. Semmelweiss Isobel Houston

2. 1. The Body’s Natural Defences Skin acts as a barrier against pathogens Tears contain enzymes that kill bacteria If you get cut, blood clots to seal the wound ACHHHOOOO!! Eye lids and eyelashes prevent dust and germs from getting into your eye Your stomach produces acid to kill microbes in our food Saliva contains an enzyme which destroys any microbes that enter into the mouth with food Coughing and sneezing get rid of dust in your lungs

3. 2. WHITE BLOOD CELLS: ATTACK OF THE PATHOGENS

4. Starring... ANTITOXINS Bacteria Toxin molecule Toxin and antitoxin joined together Antitoxin molecule White blood cell Neutralising the pathogens! Making pathogens less harmful!

5. Also... ANTIBODIES White blood cell Bacteria Antigen Antibody attached to bacterium Antibody Killing the pathogen!

6. Not forgetting... INGESTING MICROBES White blood cell Bacteria Ingesting the pathogen to stop them causing disease! Like Pac Man!

7. 3. Ignaz Semmelweiss Ignaz Philipp Semmelweiss is known as the "saviour of mothers” or the “father of infection control” because he discovered that the amount of deaths from childbed fever could be drastically cut if the medical students washed there hands after dissecting dead bodies. He knew this but he couldn’t prove why it worked. In the 1870s Robert Koch proved that bacteria caused disease. It then became compulsory to wash your hands before entering and leaving the different rooms in the hospital. He died in 1865 from childbirth fever.