1. Summary of the current status of the work of TUM-BO Scientists: Andreas Gattinger, Michael Schloter, Alexandra Hagn (DNA), Ursula Bausenwein (Socioeconomics) Technicians: Franz Buegger (EA-IRMS, GC-IRMS, GC/MS-c-IRMS, plant labelling),Conny Galonska (DNA) Christine Kollerbaur, Benjamin Mehnert (Lipids) Voluntary worker (Environmental Protection): Matthias Weiss (2003-2004), Jens Prescher (2004-2005) Technical University of Munich (at the campus of GSF-Research Center for Environment & Health) Chair of Soil Ecology, D- 85764 Neuherberg

2. 1. Extraction and analysis of phospholipid biomarker in peat (bog) samples (WP 04: D12-D14) 2. Extraction and analysis of DNA in peat (bog) samples (WP 04: D12- D14) 3. Production of 13C/15N labelled plant litter for field experiment (WP 04: D13; WP 05: D19) 4. Socioeconomical appraisal for German peatlands (WP 01: D3) Summary of the current status of the work of TUM-BO

3. 1. Extraction and analysis of phospholipid biomarker in peat (bog) samples (W P04: D12-D14)

4. Archaeal diversity Analysis of etherlinked isoprenoids (PLEL): - saturated short chain (i20:0): all archaea - saturated long chain (i40:0): all archaea - cyclic long chain (i40:0-cy): Crenarchaeota - unsaturated short chain (i20:1): methanogens Bacterial & eukaryotic diversity Analysis of Bacterial & eukaryotic diversity Analysis of esterlinked fatty acids (PLFA): - saturated (SATFA): Gram-positives, sulfate reducer - monounsaturated (MUFA): Gram- negatives, methanotrophs - polyunsaturated (PUFA): fungi, protozoa Side chain analysis of phospholipids biomarker to describe bacterial, eukaryotic and archaeal diversity with particular emphasis on methanogenic archaea and methanotrophic bacteria; the following fractions (biomarker) are analysed:

5. Extraction and analysis of phospholipid biomarker in peat (bog) samples (W P04: D12-D14) From the peat samples investigated within work programme 1, 208 samples were selected for PLFA analysis; from layer 6 and 8 only duplicate samples were analysed to reduce sample amount for PLFA and DNA analysis (59 from Finland (FI), 40 from France (FR), 46 from Switzerland (CH), 43 from Scotland (SCO), 20 from France (FB)) Problems with GC/MS-c-IRMS system since 4 months, company has not solved the problem yet (GC columns of poor quality, splitting technique unreliable, RF generator of the ion source is unstable, compliance of the peak evaluation software has not been sorted out) All PLFA samples are prepared 832 (+ 360 from labelling experiment) because of 4 different PLFA fractions, in average 20-30 PLFA compounds per run are to be identified and quantified

6. Simultaneous identification and quantification of PLFA/PLEL from environmental samples and their corresponding 12 C/ 13 C ratios by GC/MS-C-IRMS MS (DSQ) IRMS (DeltaPlus Advantage ) 20% of the analyte 80% of the analyte

7. PLEL-derived isoprenoids (2-6 archaeal/methanogenic marker) site comparisonsite*situation comparison

8. PLEL-derived isoprenoids (archaeal/methanogenic marker) depth*situation comparison

9. PLEL-derived isoprenoids (archaeal/methanogenic marker) depth*situation comparison

10. 2. Extraction and analysis of DNA in peat (bog) samples (W P04: D12-D14)

12. FI-A-3-3 Reproducability

13. FI-A-3-2 FI-A-3-1 Heterogeneity

14. FR-A-4-3 FR-A-4-1 Heterogeneity

15. FI-A-3-3 FI-A-2-1 Depth profiling

16. CH-A-4-1 CH-A-3-4 Depth profiling

18. The same 208 peat samples were selected for DNA analysis as for PLFA From all 208 peat samples DNA was extracted (DNA extraction kit soilBio101 following test analysis with MLURI) MLURI (Rebekka) received all DNA extracts (apart from FB samples) for fungal community fingerprints EPFL/UfZ (Antonis) received DNA extracts (only CH samples) for protozoan diversity studies first DNA analysis by TUM-BO: bacterial communities using 16S primer and subsequent t-RFLP analysis Extraction and analysis of DNA in peat (bog) samples (WP 04: D12-D14)

19. 4. Socioeconomical appraisal for peatlands in Germany A. Gattinger, U. Bausenwein & M. Drösler (Uni Bayreuth) data on peatland distribution, economics on peat production, import/export has been collected in parallel a German group (among others M. Drösler, University of Bayreuth) is generating a new peatland inventory, as the current data is of poor quality (quite old, patchy, wrong, etc.) the major focus on the study will be on the political framework in Germany to support sustainable management of peatlands, reports/concepts from 3 of 6 selected German States (peatland area > 2%) on this issues have been received

20. Kesselmoore Regenmoore bogs 26% 31% Hydrogenetic mire types in Germany 5% 14% 17% 3% Verlandungsmoore terrestrialisation mires Versumpfungsmoore water rise mires Überflutungsmoore flood mires Quellmoore 1% spring mires Hangmoore 2% sloopy fens Durchströmungsmoore percolation mires?

21. Distribution of mire types in Germany Main mire type: 1: coastal flood mires3: water rise mires2: coastal bogs 5: percolation mires7: mountain bogs terrestrilisation mires 6: mountain bogs sloopy fens 4: terrestrilisation mires 8: water rise mires sloopy fens

22. Occurence of mires > 300 ha in Germany

23. Distribution of European peatlands Germany France Finland UK Switzerland European Russia Belarus Estonia Ireland Norway Poland Sweden Other 2.5% 0.3% 3.4% 16.5% 0.05% total European peatland area: 514 882 km 2

24. Usage of European peatlands

25. 0 4000 8000 12000 16000 bog fentotal peatland Peatland use in Germany km 2 based on Lappalainen 1996 and Selin 1999 mire forest grass crop peat cut 4 % 13 % 52 % 29 % 2 % 18000 total peatland area: 13000 km 2 (= 1.3 Mill. ha) mire area: 100 km 2 2002 based on Freibauer et al. in prep peat is currently being formed

26. Greenhouse gas budget 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Germany France Finland UK Switzerland 12.0% of total Europe 0.8% 3.1% 0.1% 0.9% Gg CO 2 -equivalents residual peat cut grass crop forestry mire 2nd largest emitter in Europe Europe 51660 Gg 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 assuming a 100-year horizon

27. Europe 51660 Gg Gg CO 2 -equivalents CO 2 CH 4 N2ON2O -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 Germany France Finland UK Switzerland Greenhouse gas budget assuming a 100-year horizon

28. Socioeconomical appraisal for peatlands in Germany for us the major task is to review the political framework regarding the sustainable management of peatlands (e.g. reduction of climate- relevant trace gases by converting arable field into extensive pastures/grasslands)