1. Coevolution of Cooperative Strategies under Egoism Speaker: Ta-Chun Lien

2. References

3. Outline Game Theory Review Motivation Resource-bidding game Implement methods and Experimental Results Discussion Conclusions

4. Game Theory Review Games Extensive form and normal form Nash equilibrium Iterated eliminate dominated strategies(IEDS) Mixed Nash equilibrium

5. Games Who is playing – the group of players that strategically interacts What the are playing with – the alternative actions or choices When each player gets to play (in what order) How much they stand to gain (or lose) form the choices made in the game

6. Extensive form

7. Normal form

8. Nash equilibrium

9. Examples

10. IEDS

11. Mixed Nash equilibrium p 1-p q1-q

12. Motivation Cooperation and competition in Mother Nature Nurse scheduling problem

13. Cooperation and competition in Mother Nature "the greatest improvement in the productive powers of labour, and the greater part of the skill, dexterity, and judgment with which it is anywhere directed, or applied, seem to have been the effects of the division of labour." Chapter 1, Wealth of Nations

14. Selfish gene “a predominant quality to be expected in a successful gene is ruthless selfishness.” “This gene selfishness will usually give rise to selfishness in individual behaviour.” “a gene might be able to assist replicas of itself that are sitting in other bodies. If so, this would appear as individual altruism but it would be brought about by gene selfishness.”

15. Egoism Egoism means that an individual’s utility function would depend only on its fitness (interests in game theory), whereas altruism means that utility function depends on all individuals’ fitness. G. S. Becker. Altruism, egoism, and genetic fitness: Economics and sociobiology. Journal of Economic Literature, 14(3):817–26, 1976.

16. Auction-based nurse scheduling Auction stage: nurses bid for their preferred working shifts and days off using “points”. Scheduling completion stage: allocates remaining unfilled shifts to nurses who have not yet met their minimum required working hours.

17. Resource-bidding game Four assumptions Definition Three examples

18. Four assumptions The seal bid, single run auction is adopted. Players receive fixed and equal points at the beginning of each turn. Players have to bid all points in each turn. For equal bids, we use the seniority for tie break — the most senior player wins the bid.

19. Definition

20. Definition(cont’d) P R p1 p2 p3 r1 r2 f1 f2 f3 a 1j =(2,3) bid