1. 不定式及词语辨析 北京四中 毕勤

2. 动词不定式 一、成份：在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足补 和状语 二、形式： 1 ） to doHe seems to know this. 2 ） to be doingHe pretended to be listening attentively. 3 ） to be doneThe school is to be rebuilt next year.

3. 4 ） to have done I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble. 5 ） to have been done He is said to have been punished by his teacher twice. 6 ） to have been doing We have been working on this problem for many hours. 7 ）否定式： not to do

4. 三、功能 1 、主语： To talk with him is a great pleasure. 通常用： It is a great pleasure to talk with him. 同一件事的方面： When and where to have a meeting is not decided. 不相干的两件事： How to learn English and how to draw a picture are both difficult.

5. 2 、宾语 a ）下列词后接不定式作宾语 want, wish, decide, learn, manage, promise, expect, pretend, refuse, fail, long (be ready to do, be able to do, be glad to do) b ）疑问词 which, who, whom, whose, what, how, where, when+ 不定式

6. 例： I don’t know what to do next. I don’t know how to do it. I don’t know which way to go. I don’t know when to stop.

7. 3 、宾语补足语 a ） ask sb to do want, tell, order, wish, expect, promise, offer, advise, allow, permit, persuade, forbid, get, warn, long for 但 hope to do b ）在某些动词的复合宾语中，动词不定式省 “to”

8. 五 “ 看 ” ： watch, see, notice, observe, look at 三 “ 使役 ” ： make, let, have 但 get sb to do 二 “ 听 ” ： hear, listen to 一 “ 感觉 ” ： feel 半 “ 帮助 ” ： help

9. 4 、定语： a ）作定语时须放在被修饰的名词之后 例： He is always the first one to get up. I have a few words to say on this question. b ） Have you anything to send? Have you anything to be sent? eg. Boss, do you have anything ________? (to type \ to be typed)

10. 5 、状语： a ）表目的 例： We study hard to build our country better. b ）放句首 例： To pass the examination, you’d better study hard. c ） in order to/ so as to in order to 可放句首，也可放中间。 例： We must study hard in order to pass the exam. In order to pass the exam, we must study hard. so as to 只放句中 例： He spoke so clearly as to make everyone hear him.

11. d ） too… to 太 …… 而不能 …… 例： He is too young to go to school.= He is so young that he can’t go to school. 但： anxious, nervous, ready, glad 后面的不定式可表肯定意义， 尤其是前面加 only, only too=very 例： They’re only too anxious and nervous to leave. 太 …… 而急于 离开。 He is never too old to learn. He is too clever not to see the trick. ( 双重否定 = 肯定 )

12. 四、几点说明： 1 、 teach, know, learn 习惯接 how + to do 例： I don’t know how to do it. I teach him how to be a strong/real man. I want to learn how to drive a car. learn to do 学会了做某事

13. 2 、有 do 无 to, 无 do 有 to 例： I have nothing to do I did nothingbut watch TV There is nothing to do He had no choice but to watch TV 3 、 why not do

14. 4 、不定式的复合结构 例： It is important for us to learn English well. 但当表语表示不定式的逻辑主语的特征属性时要用 of 如： good, kind, nice, wise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, rude, impolite, careless 例： It is very kind of you to help me.= You are kind to help me.

15. 5 、作独立成份： To tell you the truth, I’m almost freezing. To cut/ make a long story short,... 6 、 a ）为避免重复，口语中常可省去与前边动词重复的动 词，保留到 to 例： ---Would you like to go to see the film with me? ---I’d like to.

16. b ）两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式带 to ，后面的不定式往往把 to 省去。 例： I wish to finish my task and (to) get away. 但表对照，不能省 to 例： It is better to laugh than to cry. 7 、形容词后的不定式做状语不用被动形式 eg. The question is easy to answer.

17. 五、例题解析 1. I haven’t got a chair ____. A. to sit B. for to sit on C. to sit on D. for sitting 解析：该题选 C 。不定式 to sit on 在句中作定语，修饰名词 chair. 因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是 “ 动宾关系 ” ，所以 不定式必须是及物动词，故此处 on 不能省略。

18. 2. He was made ____. A. go B. gone C. going D. to go 解析：该题选 D 。 make sb. do sth. 如果是被动形式，不定 式 do 前的 to 不能省略。 3. A new factory is ____ very soon. A. to be built B. built C. to build D. to building 解析：该题选 A 。 is to be built 意为 “ 将要被建 ”

19. 练习与解析： 1. I will not let my friends _____ in that way. A. to be treated B. be treated C. being treated D. treated 2. I’m going to have her _____ with me soon. A. go B. to go C. went D. be going 3. Although I have often heard this song _____, I have never heard you _____ it. A. sing; to sing B. sung; sing C. being sung; singing D. sung; to sing

20. 4. I asked the boy _____ near the door. A. to seat B. seated C. sat D. to be seated 5. Mary needs a friend _____. A. to play B. playing C. played D. to play with 6. She had no money _____ a birthday present for her children. A. to buy with B. buying C. bought D. with which to buy

21. 7. Would you be _____ lend me your bicycle? A. very kind to B. kind enough as to C. so kind to D. so kind as to 8. I am sorry _____ you up yesterday. A. to wake B. to have waken C. waking D. waken 9._____ maps properly, you need a special pen. A. Drawn B. Drawing C. To draw D. Be drawing

22. 10. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _____. A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 11. He is said _____ a new book now about the university students. A. to have written B. being written C. to be written D. to be writing

23. 12. —My baby has a heart trouble. —Did the doctor find it difficult _____? A. in treatingB. treating C. for treatingD. to treat 13. —Did the judge ask you many questions? —Yes, and _____. A. they were difficult to be answered B. to answer them was to be difficult C. they were difficult to answer D. they had difficulty in answering

24. 14. The lost child desired nothing but _____ home. A. goB. to go C. goingD. went 15. To play fair is as important as _____. A. to play wellB. play well C. we play wellD. playing well 16. Don’t take the medicine. It can’t help _____ rid of your cold. A. gettingB. to get C. to gettingD. gets

25. 17. —Do you get someone _____ your clothes? —Yes, I often have them _____. A. wash/washedB. to wash/washed C. washing/washD. washed/washing 18. With all her friends and money gone, she really didn’t know _____. A. how to doB. what to do C. which to doD. when to do

26. 网上答题 19. —Does anybody want an extra ticket to go to the play? —Whom would you rather have _____ with you, George or me? A. to goB. go C. goneD. going 20. To learn to speak English well, _____. A. much practice is needed B. one needs much practice C. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice

27. 动词不定式答案 1—5 BABDD 6—10 DDBCB 11—15 DDC B A 16-20BBB ？？

28. 词语辨析 1.around \ in \ on \ at the corner 2.I wish you success. \ May you succeed. 3.journey \ trip \ travel \voyage 4.be about to do \ be to do 5.be made up of \ consist of 6.late \ later \ latest \ latter \ lately 7.in other words \ in a word 8.year after year \ year by year