1. Was 1763
a "turning point"
in British-colonial
relationships???

2. European Wars Fought in the Colonies
Date European War Colonial Name
War of the League of Augsburg King William’s War
1702 – 1713 War of Spanish Succession Queen Anne’s War
War of the Austrian Succession King George’s War
1754 – 1763 Seven Years War (9 yrs.?) FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

3. North America in 1750

4. 1754  The First Clash The Ohio Valley British French
Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne * George Washington * Delaware & Shawnee Indians

5. 1754  Albany Plan of Union
Ben Franklin  representatives from New England, NY, MD, PA  call for colonial unity to squelch frontier violence  FAILS!
Albany Congress  Iroquois broke off relations with Britain & threatened trade with the French.

6. 1755  Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. Presence in North America
Gen. Edward Braddock’s Plan  evict the French from the OH Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)
- Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley, & Acadia.
- Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne  by 1500 French and Indian forces.
Only Br. Success  expelled France from Louisiana.

7. 1756  War Is Formally Declared!
Lord Loudouin
Marquis de Montcalm
Native American tribes exploited both sides!
(With French at beginning of war…switch to British toward the end of the war?!)

8. British-American Colonial Tensions
Colonials
British
Methods of Fighting:
Indian-style guerilla tactics.
March in formation or bayonet charge.
Military Organization:
Col. militias served under own captains.
Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials.
Military Discipline:
No mil. deference or protocols observed.
Drills & tough discipline.
Finances:
Resistance to rising taxes.
Colonists should pay for their own defense.
Demeanor:
Casual, non-professionals.
“Prima Donna” Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

9. 1757  William Pitt Becomes Foreign Minister
He understood colonial concerns.
He offered them a compromise:
1.)colonial loyalty & military cooperation-->
Br. would reimburse colonial assemblies for their costs.
2.)Lord Loudoun would be removed.
RESULTS?  Colonial morale increased by 1758.

10. 1758-1761  The Tide Turns for England
Louisbourg (St. Lawrence) falls to British
1758 Fort Duquesne becomes Fort Pitt
1759 General Wolfe conquers Quebec (Plains of Abraham)
1763 Gen. Amherst takes Montreal…
FRENCH SUE FOR PEACE.
* By 1761, Spain has become an ally of France

11. 1763  Treaty of Paris
France --> lost her Canadian possessions, claims to lands east of the Mississippi River. (and claims to territory in India)
Spain --> got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England.
England --> got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India.

12. North America in 1763

13. Effects of the War on Britain?
1. It increased her colonial empire in the Americas.
2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt.
3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings.
Therefore, England felt that a major reorganization of her American Empire was necessary!

14. Effects of the War on the American Colonials
1. It united them against a common enemy for the first time.
2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated.
3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.

15. Peace Treaties Lead to War
Question: Who is especially unhappy about the French loss? The Native Americans.
British trappers and settlers refuse to pay Native Americans for the use of the land.
Chief Pontiac puts together a Native American Alliance and strikes back at the British.

16. The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Frontier
1763  Pontiac’s Rebellion
Fort Detroit
British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.

17. Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)
Pontiac fails to capture key terrain. Pontiac’s War ends in 1765.

18. Cause of the American Revolution
England’s Prime Minister Pitt had decided to fund the war through the British Treasury and through loans.
This relieved the American colonists from fronting the bill for the war.
However, after the war was over, Britain must settle its debts and pay for a standing army in America.
In order to do this they decide to have the colonists bear some of the burden for their own defense.

19. Cause of the American Revolution
The Proclamation of 1763
Proclaimed that land west of the Appalachian Mountains temporarily off limits to settlements.
British halt westward expansion to minimize costs in maintaining a military force to secure the Frontier.
Colonists upset. (Paxton boys!) Especially those who had bought shares in companies or bought land in the newly captured territories.
However, this does create a fragile peace between the British and the Native Americans.

20. Colonials  1763 Paxton Boys (PA)
BACKLASH!
British  Proclamation Line of 1763.
Colonials  Paxton Boys (PA)
(See earlier notes)