1. 1BIOL 2103 Microbiology Summer II 2005 Mon thru Friday, Lecture 8 am LSE 204; Lab 10 am -11:50 or 12 – 1:50 pm, LSW 546 Instructor: Dr. David F. Gilmore Office: LSE 418 Phone 972-3632 Email: dgilmore@astate.edu Web: http://www.clt.astate.edu/dgilmore Tentative Office hours: Tuesday thru Thursday 2-3, other times by appt. Text: Foundations in Microbiology by Talaro and Talaro. Lab text: TBA.

2. 2 Powerpoint lectures Each slide numbered for your reference Listen to ME, take smart notes Powerpoints will be posted following class Grading Four regular exams, 100 points each Final Exam, 100 points. Roll call/ about attendance Lab is separate, but integrated course; separate grading. my web page Cheating

3. 3 Microbiology: Definitions Chapter 1 in text Microbiology: study of living things too small to be seen w/o a microscope. –Are all microbes that small? Epulopiscium and Thiomargarita: visibly large bacteria Subdisciplines of microbiology: –Bacteriology, virology, mycology, parasitology –Immunology, microbial ecology, molecular biology

4. 4 History Ancient knowledge –Variolation and protection from infection Intentional contact with minor form of smallpox –Contagion: disease can be spread by contact. Exclusion of lepers; burning of plague victims The discovery of microbes –Robert Hooke, 1665, discovery of cells –Antony van Leeuwenhoek, father of microbiology First person to see microbes, late 1600s

5. 5 The Golden Age Scientific method applied to microbes –Observation, hypothesis, controls, and experiments –Pasteur disproves spontaneous generation –Koch develops his postulates The germ theory of disease –Invisibly small organisms are the causes –Ignaz Semmelweis demonstrates infection –Joseph Lister invents aseptic surgery

6. 6 The Golden Age-2 Louis Pasteur, in France –Spontaneous generation –Vaccines against anthrax and rabies –Rescues silk worm and wine industries Robert Koch, in Germany –Pure culture techniques, agar –Koch’s postulates: Microbe present in every case Obtained in pure culture Causes disease in susceptible host Re-isolated from host, shown to be the same

7. 7 20 th century Advances in immunology, drug treatment Models for molecular biology –Useful to study mutations –Transcription, translation, and regulation –Models for cloning –Source of restriction enzymes –Genomic sequencing Applied microbiology Food industry bioremediation

8. 8 Classification of Microbes Three domains –Eubacteria: prokaryotic cell structure –Archaebacteria: prokaryotes, but different –Eukaryotes: 4 kingdoms Plants, animals, fungi, and protists. What are microbiologists interested in? –Eubacteria and archaebacteria for sure. –Eukaryotes like fungi and protists –Animals (parasitic worms) but not really plants. –What’s missing? –VIRUSES!

9. 9 What’s life? Highly organized, self replicating, self-adjusting, capable of evolving, can obtain energy. Made of cells? Where do we draw the line? What is living?

10. 10 Why Study Microbes ? Major impact on health Responsible for disease in humans, animals, plants Major impact on environment Major decomposers Nutrient cycling, elemental cycling

11. 11 Structurally simple, metabolically diverse and talented –Live under extreme conditions –Protect against disease –Eat oil, toxic waste (bioremediation) –Make plastic –Spoil food, make food –Use light, produce light