1. Reconstruction Ends  Section 4

2. 15th Amendment  Passed in 1870  The 15th Amendment gave African American men the right to vote.  Women’s rights activists were angry because the amendment did not grant women the right to vote.

3. Voting Rights in the South:  “Poll tax” said former slaves had to pay a tax to vote  “Grandfather Clause” said a person could only vote if their grandfather had voted  Literacy Tests: difficult reading tests given to former slaves; if not passed, then you couldn’t vote.

4. Poll Tax Receipt:

6. Ku Klux Klan  In 1866, the KKK was created by a group of white southerners.  The KKK was a secret society opposed to African Americans obtaining civil rights, particularly the right to vote.  Used violence and intimidation to frighten blacks. http://kkk.bz/

8. Segregation and Jim Crow  Segregation - the legal separation of blacks and whites in public places  Jim Crow Laws - laws that forced segregation  Starting in 1881, blacks had to stay in separate hotels, sit in separate parts of theaters, ride in separate rail cars, and have separate schools, libraries, and parks. This is known as segregation.

9. End of Grant’s Presidency:  1872 – Ulysses S. Grant – elected for a 2 nd term  Country went into a depression economically  Depression lasted almost 4 years  Northerners grew tired of high taxes to pay for reconstruction

10. Rutherford B. Hayes 19th President Republican elected in 1877 Was the Governor of Ohio Told Southern Democrats he would end reconstruction if they voted for him. He won the election.

11. IMAGES OF JIM CROW Don Spooner and Chris Harper

12. The "Jim Crow" figure was a fixture of the minstrel shows that toured the South; a white man made up as a black man sang and mimicked stereotypical behavior in the name of comedy. http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/scripts/jimcrow/gallery.cgi?collection=crow

13. Another in a series of racist posters attacking Radical Republican exponents of black suffrage, issued during the 1866 PA gubernatorial race. http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/scripts/jimcrow/gallery.cgi?collection=crow

14. Sheet music cover illustration with caricatures of ragged African-American musicians and dancers. 1847 http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/scripts/jimcrow/gallery.cgi?collection=crow

15. Sheet music cover illustration with caricatures of ragged African-American musicians and dancers. 1847 http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/scripts/jimcrow/gallery.cgi?collection=crow

16. The most recognizable trademark in the world by 1900, Bull Durham tobacco ads and trading cards typically depicted caricatures of foolish looking or silly acting blacks to draw attention to its product. Each ad has a green bull somewhere in the image. http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/scripts/jimcrow/gallery.cgi?collection=crow

17. Two silly looking black hunters have all the equipment for the hunt, but no match with which to light their cigarettes. The hunters are exaggerated images of blacks trying to imitate white people at sport. Notice the trademark green bull in the background. The Bull Durham bull together with the stereotypical images of blacks were a standard part of America's popular culture at the turn of the century. http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/scripts/jimcrow/gallery.cgi?collection=crow

18. Nicodemus, Kansas, 1870s: Middle class settler's homestead. http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/scripts/jimcrow/gallery.cgi?collection=crow

19. Philadelphia, 1889: Removing an African American from a Philadelphia Railway car--after the implementation of Jim Crow, the integration imposed by Reconstruction was stripped away by new laws. http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/scripts/jimcrow/gallery.cgi?collection=crow

20. The costumes and rituals of the new Ku Klux Klan became symbols of terror in America during the first three decades of the twentieth century. (1915). The new Klan spread all over the nation with a membership numbering over three million in the 1920s. http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/scripts/jimcrow/gallery.cgi?collection=crow

21. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, July 1939: "Colored" water fountains were fixtures throughout the South during the Jim Crow era. http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/scripts/jimcrow/gallery.cgi?collection=crow

22. Washington DC, Ku Klux Klan Parade 1928 http://www.americanradioworks.org/features/remembering/bitter.html

23. Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Lynching of Rubin Stacy for allegedly attacking a white woman. 1935 http://www.americanradioworks.org/features/remembering/bitter.html

24. Child on Trepagnier plantation near Norco, Louisana http://www.americanradioworks.org/features/remembering/bitter.html

25. Waco, Texas 1939 http://www.americanradioworks.org/features/remembering/bitter.html

26. Section Hand, Alma Plantation, False River, Louisiana. 1934 http://www.americanradioworks.org/features/remembering/bitter.html

27. Tenant farmers http://www.americanradioworks.org/features/remembering/bitter.html

28. Memphis, Tennesee 1943 http://www.americanradioworks.org/features/remembering/bitter.html

29. Durham, North Carolina 1940 http://www.americanradioworks.org/features/remembering/bitter.html

30. Detroit 1944: Pallbearers with casket walking in front of sign reading "here lies Jim Crow" during the NAACP Detroit branch "Parade for Victory." http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/scripts/jimcrow/gallery.cgi?collection=crow

31. TEST REMINDER:  Reconstruction TEST:  Friday, 9/13  Week Reflection / post test