1. 1 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate ENSI Hannes Hänggi Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Legal framework, future challenges, web-based information KKM

2. 2 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 Switzerland: Country and State de.wikipedia.org Schweizer Weltatlas

3. 3 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 Switzerland: Country and State de.wikipedia.org

4. 4 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 Electricity production in Switzerland Source: SFOE (2009)

5. 5 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 NPPTypeYearMW e Vendor Beznau IPWR1969365Westinghouse Beznau IIPWR1971365Westinghouse MühlebergBWR1972373General Electric GösgenPWR1979985Siemens-KWU LeibstadtBWR19841165General Electric Nuclear Power Plants in Switzerland Mühleberg Gösgen Beznau I & II Leibstadt

6. 6 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 Switzerland: Country and State Structurally, Switzerland has evolved into a federal state with 26 member states, known as cantons A significant number of rights is guaranteed to the people (“direct democracy”) The federal state has seven ministers, who act as the federal government The Parliament consist of two chambers: the National Council and the Council of States Any change to the Constitution must be submitted to a obligatory national vote (referendum) A minimum of 100,000 voters can request a facultative vote to change the Federal constitution A minimum of 50,000 voters can request a facultative vote to change an existing law

7. 7 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 Federal Council DETEC Economic affairs Finance Defence Civil protection Sport Justice & Police Home affairs Foreign affairs Chancellery Department of Environment Transport Energy Communications Institutional Framework

8. 8 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 NSC ENSI Board Executive Board Federal Council DETEC (SFOE) Responsible for: - Executive management of ENSI - Reviews/decisions on nuclear safety and security - External representation Responsible for: - Strategic objectives, organisation, budget - Supervision of management activities - Election of ENSI executive management ENSI Nuclear Safety Commission (advisory committee) DETEC: Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications SFOE: Swiss Federal Office of Energy Legal form Body constituted under public law, own legal persona Operationally independent; institutionally and financially independent since 1 January 2009 Responsible for: -DETEC: Construction and operation licences -SFOE: Other nuclear licences (transport, trade, import, export) and safeguards election Institutional Framework

9. 9 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 Supervise reactor and radiation safety in Swiss nuclear installations: Nuclear Power Plants Research and training reactors Intermediate storage facilities Supervise the safety of transports of nuclear materials to and from nuclear installations Assess the safety of proposed solutions for the geological disposal of radioactive waste Approve safety-relevant changes to nuclear installations within the current licences Supervise safety of new NPP projects (3 applications, but plans cancelled by the Federal Council) ENSI‘s Mission

10. 10 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 Goal Exchange of experience Promoting the state of science and technology Levelling up of international standards International Organisations International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Organisations of National Authorities WENRA, ENSREG, ENEF, NERS Bilateral Commissions (CFS, DSK) and collaborations (NRC, others) Principle The relevant international safety requirements are reflected in the Swiss nuclear safety regulation and implemented by the operators International Cooperation

11. 11 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 Staff 140 employees Professions: physicists, mechanical/electrical/civil engineers, chemists, geologists, geophysicists, IT specialists, biologists, psychologists, etc. Finance Budget: 55 million Swiss Francs Funded from fees and regulatory charges paid by operators of nuclear facilities (covering 90-95% of budget); rest: Swiss Federation (mainly research) ENSI: Staff and Finance

12. 12 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 Without justificationActs, ordinances Without justificationENSI guidelines Without justification Designated standards and requirements With justification Standards of international cooperation for harmonisation of safety approaches With justificationResearch results Extract from ENSI‘s management handbook, main process «Regulatory Basis» Regulatory Basis

13. 13 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 Textfeld „Regulatory Pyramid“ Legal Framework

14. 14 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 Nuclear Energy Act (2003, in force since 2005) Regulates the peaceful use of nuclear energy Applies to nuclear installations, nuclear goods and radioactive waste Radiological Protection Act (1991) Regulates radiation protection in a general sense Applies to all activities, installations, events and situations that may involve an ionizing radiation hazard ENSI Act (2007) Establishes ENSI as an institution under public law with its own legal personality Legal Framework: Acts

15. 15 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 ENSI issues guidelines either in its capacity as a regulatory authority or based on a mandate in an ordinance. Guidelines are implementation support documents that formalize the implementaion of legal requirements, and facilitate uniformity of the implementation practise. ENSI may allow deviations from the guidelines in individual cases provided that the suggested solution guarantees at least an equivalent level of nuclear safety or security. Legal Framework: Guidelines

16. 16 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 On 25 May 2011 the Federal Council decided to exit nuclear energy. Existing NPP’s should be decommissioned at the end of their lifespan and not be replaced by new NPP’s. When will the lights be switched off? Criteria: The plant is not in compliance with the license The plant is not in compliance with the state of backfitting technology The plant is not backfitted anymore Nuclear Power Phase-Out

17. 17 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 ENSI’s web-based information: Internet (Opensource Software TYPO3) Intranet (HTML) Management System (“Squirrel”) Knowledge Management System Basic information platforms for professionals and the public “Openess and transparency” is an main goal defined by ENSI’s executive board

18. 18 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 Swiss Federal Office of Energy: www.bfe.admin.ch Swiss Government: www.admin.ch Swiss Legislation: www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/sr.html Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate: www.ensi.ch Nuclear Safety Commission: www.bfe.admin.ch/kns National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste: www.nagra.ch Operators: www.swissnuclear.ch Useful Links

19. 19 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland Hannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011 Hannes Hänggi www.ensi.ch Thank you for your attention! Foto: ENSI Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate ENSI