1. Bundesamt für Landestopographie Office fédéral de topographie Ufficio federale di topografia Uffizi federal da topografia  Summary from Swiss Perspective Dr. Daniel Steudler Swiss Federal Directorate of Cadastral Surveying  "Cadastral Template" project

2. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 2 SWITZERLAND 7.3 million people 41'290 km2 4.0 million parcels

3. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 3 26 Cantons … Cantons maintain political and administrative bodies on their own

4. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 4 … and 2903 Municipalities Cantons are further divided into municipalities

5. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 5 Organisation of cadastral surveying Organisation Confederation Canton Level Municipality Private Land Surveying Offices City Surveying Offices ~3000 employees Execution Cantonal Surveying Offices ~300 employees Operational management Tasks Federal Directorate of Cadastral Surveying ~15 employees Supervision, strategic management

6. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 6 Legal basis and objectives Swiss Civil Code, 1912 Security of ownership, efficient land market, and mortgaging of real estates Objectives of the legislator:  Ownership only when registered (Art. 942)  Registration on basis of map, resulting from a cadastral survey (Art. 950)

7. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 7 public law (responsibilities, restrictions) LIS / GIS private law 1912 Introduction of Civil Code 1993 Digital Standard AV93 2008 Full coverage 2005 New constitu- tional article about land information 20xx Trend of increasing purpose and content of cadastral system

8. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 8 Conceptual elements of AV93 -Clear definition of the product -Independent information layers (link between layers only through geographic location) - Freedom of methods and systems (as basis for tendering) -Standardized way of description and transfer of data (INTERLIS) Control points Land cover Single objects Heights Local names Ownership Pipelines >5bar Administrative subdivisions iliitf

9. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 9 Possible future structure for LIS Land ownership, cadastre Land use planning Water protection Collective land rights Stakeholders (data owners) National government State government Local government Planning department Local government Corporations Local government Indigenous land rights Tribe, clan Environmental protection Environmental department Legal topic Noise protection spatial datatextual data Two preconditions: common data modelling concept common geodetic reference framework

10. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 10 Drilling the topics from different stakeholders Property parcel #: 1234 Building #: A445 Building permit: lease Easement: parcel 1235 Land-use zone: residential 2-floors Property parcel #: 1234 Building #: A445 Building permit: lease Easement: parcel 1235 Land-use zone: residential 2-floors

11. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 11 Positive aspects of country experience Standardized data modelling approach right from beginning (1993) Independence of information layers allows much lighter data model, independent data ownership, acquisition and maintenance

12. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 12 Negative aspects of country experience Rather slow transition to fully digital data, coverage not satisfying (main problem: decentralized organization and funding) Horizontal cooperation between federal agencies not always positive (lack of leadership ?) Decentralized organization with 26 Cantons is not always efficient (although it ensures the link to the local government level)

13. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 13 Buildings in cadastre Today: buildings are part of cadastral surveying (as one of several elements in land cover layer) Tomorrow: working group is studying 3D aspects (with a focus mainly on viewing, rather than registration of 3D objects)

14. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 14 EU influences Strong cooperation within Europe (D-A-CH, CLGE, GE, FIG, Eurogi, …) Accord 3 (recognition of professional education) Increasingly involved in activities of EuroGeographics (in newly established "Expert Group on Cadastre and Land Registry" with 3 working groups) INSPIRE

15. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 15 Three key improvements in the next decade NGDI established and operational –supplied with all relevant data, above all cadastral data –complete coverage of cadastral surveying data –data sharing is taking place on large scale Strong focus on users and customers (key is: data, information, services  homogenization of data and fee structure) Overcome the drawbacks of federalism, while retaining its benefits

16. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 16 Review of LAS model from a Swiss perspective Sustainable Development Economic, Social, Environment Country Context Institutional Arrangements Land Policy Framework Land Information Infrastructures Land Administration Functions Land Tenure, Land Value, Land-Use, Land Development e-Citizenshipe-Government Education, academic sector Regular review process of strategy and concept Economic situation Political situation

17. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 17 www.cadastraltemplate.org

18. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 18 Part 1: Descriptive country report A.Country Context Geographical Context Historical Context Current Political and Administrative Structures Historical Outline of Cadastre B.Institutional Framework Government Organizations Private Sector Involvement Professional Organization or Association Licensing Education C.Cadastral System Purpose of Cadastral System Types of Cadastral System Cadastral Concept Content of Cadastral System D.Cadastral Mapping Cadastral Map Example of a Cadastral Map Role of Cadastral Layer in SDI E.Reform Issues Cadastral Issues Current Initiatives

19. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 19 Part 2: Basic statistics 1.Cadastral Principles 1.1Is the cadastral system based on deeds registration or on title registration ? 1.2By law, is registration of land ownership compulsory or optional ? 1.3Comments on the actual practice and the legal consequences of the above-indicated type of registration. 1.4Approach for the establishment of the cadastral records: systematic registration during initial establishment of the cadastre or sporadic registration 2.Cadastral Statistics 2.1Population of the country. 2.2Population distribution between urban and rural areas. 2.3Number of land parcels. 2.4Number of registered strata titles or condominium units. 2.5Degree of registration of land parcels in URBAN areas. 2.6Degree of registration of land parcels in RURAL areas. 2.7Number of professional land surveyors. 2.8Proportion of the time that these land surveyors commit for cadastral matters 2.9Number of lawyers/solicitors. 2.10 Proportion of time that these lawyers/solicitors commit for cadastral matters

20. Melbourne, 11 Nov. 2005 Summary Swiss Perspective Cadastral Template project 20 Coverage in November 2005: 38 countries