1. LBDS Power Triggering Etienne CARLIER & Jean-Louis BRETIN AB/BT/EC

2. LBDS Outline Architecture Power Trigger Unit –Block diagram –Characteristics Power Trigger Module –Circuit –Signals Protection Power Trigger Controller –State –Signals Re-triggering Etienne CARLIER, LBDS Audit – 28/01/2007

3. LBDS Fault-tolerant Fail-safe Trigger Synchronisation & Distribution Architecture Re-trigger lines Branch A Branch B Branch A Branch B Generator 1 Generator 15 TFO Trigger Fan-out PTU Power Trigger Unit RTB Re-trigger Box RTD TSU Client Interface F rev Trigger Synchronisation Unit Etienne CARLIER, LBDS Audit – 28/01/2007

4. LBDS Power Trigger Unit Block Diagram Driver Main Compensation Controller Power Supplies +5V ±15V +48V ±150V +3000V PTM (Power Trigger Module) Driver Main Compensation PTM (Power Trigger Module) PTC (Power Trigger Controller) Inputs Trig 1 Trig 2 Re-Trig 1 Re-Trig 2 Soft Trig Etienne CARLIER, LBDS Audit – 28/01/2007 PTU (Power Trigger Unit)

5. LBDS Power Trigger Unit Characteristics Two independent « power » outputs –One power output is able to trigger one branch of one generator –2 power outputs can be operated in parallel Single output trigger pulse for principal and compensation circuits –Variable voltage for principal circuit (generator turn-on delay compensation) –Fixed voltage for compensation circuit 5 different trigger inputs –2 redundant normal inputs –2 redundant re-trigger inputs –1 soft trigger Full monitoring via PROFIBUS-DP –Static mode  SCSS –Pulse mode  IPOC Etienne CARLIER, LBDS Audit – 28/01/2007

6. LBDS Power Trigger Module Circuit Etienne CARLIER, LBDS Audit – 28/01/2007

7. LBDS Power Trigger Module Signals Operating range: 600 V to 3 kV Maximum output current 275 A 2.5 µs pulse duration No turn-on jitter Etienne CARLIER, LBDS Audit – 28/01/2007 Operating voltage: -150 V Mean output current: 75 A Pulse duration > 400 µs PRINCIPAL CIRCUIT TRIGGERCOMPENSATION CIRCUIT TRIGGER

8. LBDS Triggering Circuit Protection Trigger HV Transformer  Main Switch  Compensation Switch PTM Etienne CARLIER, LBDS Audit – 28/01/2007 HV Diode to protect redundant PTM in case of short-circuit at the output of the other module Tri-axial cable for EMC protection Single triggering transformer for principal and compensation circuit  no incoherent kick

9. LBDS Monitoring State Diagram Etienne CARLIER, LBDS Audit – 28/01/2007 FAULTY OK STATIC MODE READY DATA VALID DATA CHECK TriggerArm PULSE MODE

10. LBDS Monitoring Signals State High voltage –Control –Status Low voltage –+15V –+48V –+150V Watchdog status Soft-trigger status Etienne CARLIER, LBDS Audit – 28/01/2007 Trigger inputs –Trig IN1 & IN2 –Re-Trig IN1 & IN2 –Soft Trigger Driver circuits –PTMA & PTMB Re-trigger box inputs Output pulse waveform analysis –Primary voltage –Primary current –Secondary current STATIC MODEPULSE MODE

11. LBDS Pictures Power SuppliesPower Trigger Controller Power Trigger ModulePower Trigger Unit Etienne CARLIER, LBDS Audit – 28/01/2007

12. LBDS Fault-tolerant Fail-safe Trigger Synchronisation & Distribution Architecture Re-trigger lines Branch A Branch B Branch A Branch B Generator 1 Generator 15 TFO Trigger Fan-out PTU Power Trigger Unit RTB Re-trigger Box RTD TSU Client Interface F rev Trigger Synchronisation Unit Etienne CARLIER, LBDS Audit – 28/01/2007

13. LBDS Re-Triggering Sensors Etienne CARLIER, LBDS Audit – 28/01/2007 Re-trigger Line A Re-trigger Line B I I I I V V I : Current V: Voltage

14. LBDS Re-triggering Box Principle Etienne CARLIER, LBDS Audit – 28/01/2007 To Power Trigger Unit From Sensors

15. LBDS Re-Triggering Characteristics Fully passive fault tolerant system –Complete post-mortem analysis after each dump action All the power needed to re-trigger the complete extraction kicker system is available directly from the sensors –Current pick-ups –High voltage dividers Re-trigger delay is due to –Detection time –Propagation time over the 14 remaining generators –Power trigger turn on delay –Main switch turn on delay Etienne CARLIER, LBDS Audit – 28/01/2007

16. LBDS Re-triggering Hardware Etienne CARLIER, LBDS Audit – 28/01/2007