1. Processes That Can Affect the Stages of Memory: Three stages of processing an important event Encoding, Storage and Retrieval Factors that can affect eyewitness memory in these three stages: Encoding stage factors Violence, Unconscious Transference, Divided Attention Storage stage factors Time factors Retrieval stage factors Expectations, Misremembering

2. Encoding Sensory Memory Working Memory LTM Attention Sensory Input.5” - 3” Duration 75 – 100% Capacity Maintenance Rehearsal 10” - 15” Duration 7 + or – 2 Capacity Indefinite Duration Indefinite Capacity (STORAGE) Retrieval Three-Stores Model of Memory

3. How many wrongful convictions are due to misidentification?

4. Remember!

5. REALITY It really is the criminal It’s not the criminal DECISION YES, that’s the guilty person NO, that’s not the guilty person

6. Three Steps in Processing an Important Event: The encoding stage—perception of the originalevent The storage stage — time between the event and the recollection of a piece of information The retrieval stage — recall of the stored information

7. Encoding Stage Factors: Violence Weapons Focus - Loftus. Violence towards a Child - Loftus and Burns Unconscious Transference Donald Thompson - falsely accused Divided Attention Robbery in the Cafeteria - Ross and Ceci

8. Storage Stage Factors Time Factors A Self Test How Long Before We Forget?-Shepherd

9. Shepard’s Results % Recalled 2 Hrs. 3 Days 7 Days 4 Mths.

10. Retrieval Stage Factors Expectations Telephone game - Allport and Postman Mis-remembering The Misinformation Effect - Loftus Mis-remembering and the “Just Desserts” Case

11. Three Experimental Situations in the Misinformation Paradigm (Loftus): Subjects view an event Subjects are exposed to (misleading) information about the event Subjects recall the event to see if the misleading information has had an effect

12. How fast were the cars going when they ******* each other? Contacted Collided into Bumped Hit Smashed into

13. Loftus 1 Speed estimates for the different verbs used in the witness question Estimated Speed Smashed ContactedHitBumped Collided