1. LAYING OUT AND LAYOUT TOOLS

2. OBJECTIVES FAMILIAR WITH DIFFERENT BASIC LAYOUT TOOLS. IT’S USES AND MAINTENANCE. IT’S USES AND MAINTENANCE.

3. INTRODUCTION LAYING OUT IS THE PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTING GUIDELINES AND CENTERS BASED ON THE WORKING DRAWINGS PRIOR TO MACHINING. AN ACCURATE,SYSTEMATIC AND FULL SIZE REPRODUCTION OF LINES,CIRCLES,ARC AND OTHER CONSTRUCTIVE DETAILS FROM A DRAWING TO THE MATERIAL TO BE MACHINED OR CUT.

4. LAYOUT TOOLS STEEL RULE-ALTHOUGH CALLED A MEASURING INSTRUMENT,MAY ALSO BE CONSIDERED A LAYOUT TOOLS AS IT IS INDESPENSABLE IN LAYOUT WORK FOR TAKING MEASUREMENTS NOT REQUIRING PRECISION. REQUIRING PRECISION.

5. STEEL RULE HOLDER-FOR HOLDING STEEL RULES IN UPRIGHT POSITION, USED IN TRANSFERRING MEASUREMENTS WITH SURFACE GAGES. IN UPRIGHT POSITION, USED IN TRANSFERRING MEASUREMENTS WITH SURFACE GAGES.

6. SURFACE GAGE-USED IN LAYOUT WORK FOR SCRIBING ON HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL SURFACES.IT MAY BE ALSO USED FOR LEVELING CASTINGS ON A MACHINE OR FOR INSPECTING CASTINGS ON A MACHINE OR FOR INSPECTING WORKS. WORKS.

7. SURFACE PLATE-A PRECISION TOOL MADE OF CAST IRON OR GRANITE.IT’S TOP SURFACE IS MACHINE AND SCRAPE FLAT.IT IS USED IN LAYOUT MACHINE AND SCRAPE FLAT.IT IS USED IN LAYOUT AND INSPECTION WORK AS A BASE UPON WHICH AND INSPECTION WORK AS A BASE UPON WHICH TO REST THE WORK AND THE TOOLS. TO REST THE WORK AND THE TOOLS.

8. V-BLOCKS-ARE PRECISION TOOLS WITH SURFACE SCRAPED OR GROUND FLAT,SQUARE AND PARALLEL USE TO HOLD CYLINDRICAL WORK SCRAPED OR GROUND FLAT,SQUARE AND PARALLEL USE TO HOLD CYLINDRICAL WORK PIECE DURING DRILLING OPERATION. PIECE DURING DRILLING OPERATION.

9. SCRIBERS-POINTED TOOLS,MADE OF HARD STEEL USED FOR DRAWING LINES ALONG STRAIGHT EDGES OR AROUND PATTERNS,OR SIMPLY FOR USED FOR DRAWING LINES ALONG STRAIGHT EDGES OR AROUND PATTERNS,OR SIMPLY FOR MARKING POINTS. MARKING POINTS.

10. DIVIDER-IS USED LIKE A COMPASS TO LAYOUT CIRCLES,ARC OR DISTANCES,SUCH AS IN SPACING CENTERS OF HOLES TO BE DRILLED CIRCLES,ARC OR DISTANCES,SUCH AS IN SPACING CENTERS OF HOLES TO BE DRILLED AND TO CONSTRUCT OTHER GEOMETICAL FIGURES. AND TO CONSTRUCT OTHER GEOMETICAL FIGURES.

11. HERMAPHRODITE CALIPER-THEY HAVE ONE LEG SIMILAR TO A LEG OF AN OUTSIDE CALIPER,AND SIMILAR TO A LEG OF AN OUTSIDE CALIPER,AND THE OTHER OF THAT TO A DIVIDER. THE OTHER OF THAT TO A DIVIDER.

12. TRAMMELS-ARE VERSATILE LAYOUT TOOLS USED IN PLACE OF THE DIVIDER,HERMAPHRODITE CALIPER,OUTSIDE CALIPER,AND INSIDE CALIPER IN PLACE OF THE DIVIDER,HERMAPHRODITE CALIPER,OUTSIDE CALIPER,AND INSIDE CALIPER WHEN THE DISTANCES TO BE LAID OUT ARE BEYOND THE CAPACITY OF THESE TOOLS. WHEN THE DISTANCES TO BE LAID OUT ARE BEYOND THE CAPACITY OF THESE TOOLS.

13. CENTER PUNCH-IS USED FOR MARKING CENTERS OF A HOLE TO DRILLED.IT’S POINT IS GROUND TO AN ANGLE OF 90 DEGREES.

14. PRICK PUNCH-SIMILAR TO A CENTER PUNCH,BUT IT’S POINT IS MORE POINTED(30-60 DEGREES).IT IS IT’S POINT IS MORE POINTED(30-60 DEGREES).IT IS USED FOR MARKING CENTERS OF CIRCLES OR FOR MAKING INDENTATIONS ON A CIRCLES OR USED FOR MARKING CENTERS OF CIRCLES OR FOR MAKING INDENTATIONS ON A CIRCLES OR ALONG A LAYOUT LINE. ALONG A LAYOUT LINE.

15. COMBINATION SET-CONSIST OF THREE COMBINATIONS MAKING IT A VERSATILE LAYOUT TOOL.THE STEEL RULE, MAY BE USED WITH THE TOOL.THE STEEL RULE, MAY BE USED WITH THE CENTER HEAD,THE SQUARE HEAD,OR THE PROTRACTOR HEAD TO FORM THE FOLLOWING CENTER HEAD,THE SQUARE HEAD,OR THE PROTRACTOR HEAD TO FORM THE FOLLOWING COMBINATION: COMBINATION:

16. CENTER SQUARE-USED FOR LOCATING CENTERS OF CYLINDRICAL OR SQUARE WORK PIECES.

17. COMBINATION SQUARE-MAY BE USED AS A TRY SQUARE,AND AS A RULE AND HOLDER WHEN SQUARE,AND AS A RULE AND HOLDER WHEN TRANSFERRING HEIGHT MEASUREMENT. TRANSFERRING HEIGHT MEASUREMENT.

18. BEVEL PROTRACTOR-IS USED FOR LAYING OUT OR FOR CHECKING ANGLES. OR FOR CHECKING ANGLES.

19. COMBINATION BEVEL AND MITER SQUARE-IS USED FOR CHECKING,LAYING OUT,AND TRANSFERRING ANGLES.

20. LAYOUT COLORING MATERIALS CERTAIN MATERIAL USED TO COLOR THE SURFACES OF METALS TO MAKE THE LAYOUT LINES STAND CLEAR AND SHARP. ORDINARY BLACKBOARD CHALK CAN BE RUBBED OVER THE ROUGH SURFACE OF CAST IRON OR OVER THE ROUGH END OF STEEL FOR DRAWING OVER THE ROUGH SURFACE OF CAST IRON OR OVER THE ROUGH END OF STEEL FOR DRAWING LINES TO LOCATE CENTER. LINES TO LOCATE CENTER.

21. LAYOUT DYE-IS A COLORED INK -LIKE FLUID THAT CAN BE SPREAD OVER THE METAL WITH A BRUSH. IT DRIES QUICKLY AND LEAVES AN EVEN,BLUE COLORED SURFACE.

22. BLUE VITRIOL-IS MADE BY MIXING 4 TO 5 OUNCES OF COPPER SULFATE IN A QUART OF WATER AND ADDING 4 TO 5 DROPS OF SULFURIC ACID.WHEN THE SOLUTION IS APPLIED TO A METAL SURFACE THE METAL TURNS INTO A COPPER COLOR. GOOD LUCK….