1. Process Selection
Chapter 3, Part 2

2. MGMT 326 Capacity, Facilities, & Work Design Foundations of Operations
Products &
Processes
Quality
Assurance
Planning
& Control
Managing
Projects
Introduction
Strategy
Product
Design
Process
Design

3. Process Selection Process Types Process Design Tools Reengineering
Flowcharts
Intermittent
Project
Batch
Repetitive
Assembly line
Continuous
Impact of Process Type
Layout
Inventory policy

4. Intermittent Operations
Intermittent operations: processes used to produce a variety of products with different processing requirements at lower volumes
Project processes: used to make one-of-a-kind items to customer specifications
Batch processes: used to make small quantities of products in batches based on customer orders or specifications
Also called job shops

5. Repetitive Operations
Repetitive operations: Processes used to make one product or a few standardized products in high volume
Line process – also called an assembly line or flow shop
May have assemble-to-order options
Continuous process: operates continuously, produces a high volume of a fully standardized product
Some firms use more than one type of process

6. Underlying Process Relationship Between Volume and Standardization
High-volume
processes are
usually more
standardized
than low-volume
processes.

7. Process Choice and Layout
Intermittent operations usually use a process (department) layout: workers & equipment are grouped by function
Different products may take different paths through the production process
Repetitive operations use a product layout: workers & equipment are grouped in the order in which they will be needed. The product passes from one work station to the next.

8. Process Choice and Layout
Project
Batch (job shop)
Mass production
(line flow or flow shop)
Product
Continuous

9. Hybrid Layouts
A hybrid layout is a combination of a product layout and a process layout.
Example:
In a grocery store, products are displayed by department (process layout)
The checkout line has a product layout.

10. Process Choice and Inventory Policy

11. Process Choice and Inventory Policy (2)
Project
Make-to-order
Batch (job shop)
Mass production
(line flow or flow shop)
Make-to-stock OR
Assemble-to-order
Continuous
Make-to-stock

12. Process Design Tools
Process flow analysis is a tool used to analyze and document the sequence of steps within a total process. Usually first step in process reengineering.
Process reengineering is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of a process to bring about dramatic improvements in performance
Cost
Quality
Time
Flexibility

13. Process Design Tools (2)
Both operations processes and business processes can be re-engineered.
Re-engineer a process before you automate it or computerize it.

14. Process Flow in a Pizza Restaurant