1. Course guide on Food Plant Design and Pilot Demonstration (FST 409) University of Agriculture, Abeokuta Department of Food Science and Technology

2. Synopsis  Concept of a food plant  Plant design concepts  Definitions  Process design  Optimal design principles  Sanitary design  General appreciation of the food industry and various plant facility need  Design principles  Feasibility study  Site selection  Plant economics and profitability

3. Concept of a Food Plant  Food plant as physical entity  Conversion processes in a food plant  Energy consumption and cost  Waste generation  Human expertise need  Life cycle of a plant

4. Plant design concepts  Design as an idea generation exercise  Fitness to a purpose  Enormity of task depends on the intended scale of operation of the plant  Food Plant design as a multidisciplinary project  Coordinated by a Food Engineer/Food Technologist  Team may involve all or some of the following: Civil, Engineer, Mechanical Engineer, Electrical Engineer, Accountants, Architects, Quantity Surveyor, Economists, etc.

5. Definitions  Food process  Process simulation  Process optimization  Process instrumentation and control  Food plant sanitation

6. Stages in plant design  Inception  Preliminary evaluation of economics and market  Development of data necessary for final design  Final economic evaluation  Detailed engineering design  Procurement  Erection  Startup and trial runs  Production

7. The Food Industry  The producers  The processors  The marketers  The consumers

8. Plant Design Principles  Material Flow  Sanitary Design  Site Location  Design for People

9. Feasibility studies  Types, definitions and goals:  Technical  Economic  Viability of a project

10. Issues in Technical Feasibility Study  Raw material requirement  Labor requirement  Equipment and facility requirement  Technology  Process flow  Facility construction and material suitability  Land suitability  Climatic consideration  Energy and utilities  Transportation

11.  Projected expenditures on the design project  Capital  Recurrent  Projected incomes  Sales  Services  Projected profits  Time value of money Issues in economic feasibility

12. Plant economics  Asset values  Initial value  Salvage value  Scrap value  Present value:  book value  market value  replacement value

13. Plant economics contd.  Types of depreciation:  Physical  Functional  Depletion  Purpose of depreciation cost  Methods of calculating depreciation:  Straight line  Declining balance  Sum-of-the-year-digit  Sinking fund  Present worth

14.  Profitability defined  Profitability evaluation methods:  Rate of return  Discounted cash flow  Net present worth  Capitalized costs  Payout period Plant economics contd.