1. ROMANIA AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL PROJECT Project Management Unit Moldova, Chisinau, October 3, 2006

2. Use of PROXI methods for measuring results of Agricultural Pollution Control Project, implemented in Calarasi, Romania

4. Project Financing Sources Total value: USD 10.8 mil. out of which: USD 5.15 mil. World Bank from GEF funds; USD 1.86 mil. Government of Romania; USD 0.29 mil. Calarasi County Council; USD 1.00 mil. from the governmental “Agricultural Support Services” Project; USD 2.50 mil. (in kind) by direct beneficiaries.

5. Project Interventions Investments –Manure Management –Windbreak/Shelter belts –Riparian Buffers –Nutrient Management Plans –Wellhead Protection –Grazing Management –Conservation Tillage Training and Technical Assistance Public Awareness

6. Identified sources of pollution with nutrients: At household level: Inappropriate manure storage Lack off or bad conditions of the concrete slab protecting the water well against direct infiltrations Aggravating factors:

7. Identified sources of pollution with nutrients: At commune level: Inappropriate manure disposal

8. Identified sources of pollution with nutrients: At commune level: Inappropriate manure disposal Grazing of animals on soil erosion prone areas Large areas of slopped land draining into watercourses Temporary housing near watercourses

9. Project Interventions At household level Individual Platforms Plastic Bins for waste segregation

10. Project Interventions At household level At commune level Reclamation of former unauthorized manure storages Construction and operation of manure storage and composting facilities

11. Project Interventions At commune level Demonstrations of well head rehabilitation

12. Project Interventions At commune level Riparian Buffers with forest vegetation Windbreaks, Shelterbelts

13. Project Interventions At commune level Riparian Buffers with forest vegetation Windbreaks, Shelterbelts Grazing Management

15. Nitrate concentration in Piezometers

16. Drinking water quality

17. Measuring results of nutrient pollution control interventions Monitoring the nutrients concentration into the surface and ground water at representative sampling stations and review of eutrophic state of the surface waters at regular intervals. Use of PROXI methods.

18. Measuring nutrients concentration into the ground and surface waters Strong points: –It shows the actual quality of the ground and surface waters at designated measuring stations. Weak points: –The existing sampling stations could be not representative for project interventions. –The frequency of measurements could not catch stochastic events as storm rains, snow melting or variable factors as fertilizers or manure applications. –The trend of nutrient concentration does not reflect only the project interventions. –It is expensive.

19. Why use the PROXI methods? Are based on extensive scientific research. Allow assessment of total results of a variety of diverse interventions. Are cheap and offer good accuracy. Allow for quantitative estimate in terms of nutrient pollution reduction using the survey results. Allow for forecasting of results of new projects implementing the same nutrient pollution control interventions.

20. Reduction of nutrients loss into the ground and surface waters due to appropriate manure management

21. Before Project (Year 2000) Total manure (tons): Of which: UseComments %tons 80,184 21,604 As fertilizers in the back yard vegetable garden Good practice, reduced looses 9878,850 Mixed with household waste and dumped in unauthorized places The entire quantity of nutrients is lost Nutrients (kg/t) NPK 63.58 Nutrients in fresh manure

22. We can assume that about 20% of the nutrients in the manure used as fertilizer in the back yard vegetable garden is lost and 100% of nutrients from fresh dumped manure are leached into water. With these figures, the nutrients subject to leaching into ground and surface waters are: N (t/year)P (t/year)K (t/year) Nutrient subject to leaching from the dumped manure (78,580 t) 471.48275.03628.64 Nutrient subject to leaching from manure (1,604 t), used as fertilizer 1.921.122.57 Total nutrients subject to leaching in the Project area 473.41276.15631.21

23. Commune Manure collected from farmers (tons) Manure applied on agricultural fields (tons) Al. Odobescu3,200 2,900 Ciocanesti4,100 3,800 Cuza Voda2,800 2,400 Gradistea9,400 8,900 Independenta3,500 2,000 Valcelele3,500 2,000 Vlad Tepes2,200 950 Total28,70022,950 During the year 2005, the communes reported the collection, composting and use as fertilizer of the following manure quantities:

24. Year 2005 (Project year 4) Total manure (tons): Of which: UseComments %tons 80,184 54,009 As fertilizers in the back yard vegetable garden Good practice, reduced looses 2922,950 Manure spreaded as fertilizer on agricultural lands Good practice. Only the nutrients that are not available to plants are lost 6653,225 Unmanaged manure, source of pollution, due to the inappropriate behavior of some farmers The entire quantity of nutrients is lost Assuming that the quantity of manure produced each year is almost the same as at the Project preparation (the same structure and number of animals), during the year 2005, the use of the manure was as follows:

25. In a normal rotation of maize-sunflower-wheat-wheat, the nutrients from one tone of composted manure is used as follows NPK Nutrients available to plants (kg/t) 3.153.255.5 Nutrients subject to leaching (kg/t) 2.850.252.5

26. With these figures, the potential discharge of nutrients from produced manure was as follows: N (t/year)P (t/year)K (t/year) Nutrient subject to leaching from manure (4,009 t), used as fertilizer 4.812.816.41 Nutrients subject to leaching from the manure (22,950 t) applied on fields as fertilizer 65.415.7457.38 Nutrients subject to leaching from the dumped manure (53,225 t) 319.35186.29425.80 Total nutrients subject to leaching in the Project area 389.57194.83489.59

27. Reduction of nutrients discharge: N (t/year)P (t/year)K (t/year) Nutrients subject to leaching WITHOUT PROJECT (t/year) 473.41276.15631.21 Nutrients subject to leaching PY4 - 2005 (t/year) 389.57194.83489.59 Reduction of nutrients discharge into the ground and surface waters in year 2005 (t/year) 83.8481.32141.62

28. The quantity of nutrients supplied with the manure (22,950 tons), applied as fertilizer are: Nutrients supplied with the applied manure (tons) NPK 72.2974.59126.23 Therefore, for the same targeted yields, the quantity of the mineral fertilizers usually applied can be reduced with the amount supplied with the applied manure.

29. Reduction due to adoption of the environment-friendly agricultural practices demonstrated by the Project: According with the data received from the Direction for Agriculture and Rural Development Calarasi (DADR), the quantities of nutrients from factory made fertilizers applied in the year 2005, in the Project area, were as follows: Commune From factory made fertilizers N (t)P (t)K (t) Al. Odobescu 17103 Ciocanesti 18660 Cuza Voda 9399250 Gradistea 261400 Independenta 3982750 Valcelele 3512190 Vlad Tepes 8500 Total 2,2371,4753

30. Assuming that in the case of the conventional agriculture, 20% of the applied nutrients are lost by leaching, the quantities discharged into waters are: Nutrients subject to leaching WITHOUT PROJECT (t/year) From factory made fertilizers N (t)P (t)K (t) 4472950.6 Assuming the reduction of nutrients discharge with 10% as result of the adoption of environment-friendly agricultural practices demonstrated by the Project and the adoption of the Code of Good Agricultural Practices: Reduction of nutrients discharge into the ground and surface waters in year 2005 (t/year) From factory made fertilizers N (t)P (t)K (t) 44.729.50.06

31. Total reduction of the nutrients discharge into the waters in the Project area, year 2005, as result of project interventions: Reduction of nutrients discharge into the ground and surface waters in year 2005 (t/year) From manure and factory made fertilizers N (t)P (t)K (t) 128.6110.8141.7

32. Thank you for your attention Project Management Unit “Agricultural Pollution Control” Tel: 0242.331.614; 0741.242.001; 021.317.04.03;Fax: 0242.331.619; E-mail: office@apcp.ro; www.apcp.rooffice@apcp.rowww.apcp.ro