1. The Lower Limbs

2.  Histology of Bone Tissue  Bone Function and Structure  Bone Growth & Development  Joints  The Axial Skeleton  The Pectoral Girdle  The Upper Limbs  The Pelvic Girdle  The Lower Limbs

3.  22 bones in skull  6 in middle ears  1 hyoid bone  26 in vertebral column  25 in thoracic cage  4 in pectoral girdle  60 in upper limbs  2 in pelvic girdle  60 in lower limbs  206 bones in all

5.  Structures (bones):Totals  Femur (thigh): 1 in each leg 2  Patella (knee): 1 in each leg 2  Tibia and Fibula (calf): 2 in each leg 4  Tarsals (ankle): 7 in each leg 14  Metatarsals (foot): 5 in each leg 10  Phalanges (toes): 14 in each foot 28. Total Number of Bones 60  Femur: largest bone in the body!

6.  Function:  Structural part of legs  Attachment sites for muscles of the legs and feet

7.  Joints of the Lower Limbs:  No point of connection to axial skeletal system  Has all types of freely-movable joints:  Saddle: carpal and metacarpal bones of big toes  Ball and socket: hips  Pivot- rotation only: proximal end of tibia and fibula  Hinge- up and down movement in one plane: knee  Gliding- sliding and twisting: ankle  Condyloid- movement in different planes but not rotations: between metatarsals and phalanges

8. Patella Femur Tibia Fibula 5 Metatarsals 14 Phalanges 7 Tarsals

12. metatarsals phalanges tarsals metatarsals phalanges tarsals

13.  Histology of Bone Tissue  Bone Function and Structure  Bone Growth & Development  Joints  The Axial Skeleton  The Pectoral Girdle  The Upper Limbs  The Pelvic Girdle  The Lower Limbs