1. Michael Shaw Director U.S. National Coordination Office The U.S. Space-Based PNT Current Program and Future Trends

2. UAE 04/08 2 Introduction During the past decade, GPS has grown into a global utility providing space-based positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) –Consistent, predictable, dependable policy and performance –Augmentations improve performance Like the Internet, GPS is a critical component of the global information infrastructure –Scalable applications enabling broad new capabilities –Innovations in efficiency, safety, environmental protection, public security and science

3. UAE 04/08 3 GNSS Applications Support A Wide Range of Economic Activities 3 Oil Exploration Oil Exploration Fishing & Boating Fishing & Boating Aviation Surveying & Mapping Surveying & Mapping Trucking & Shipping Satellite Operations Precision Agriculture Power Grid Management Power Grid Management Personal Navigation Personal Navigation Communications Network Synchronization Communications Network Synchronization

4. UAE 04/08 4 GNSS is Key to Scientific Monitoring of the Earth To better understand the changes and complex dynamic processes of our home planet

5. UAE 04/08 5 Overview Program Policy International Cooperation

6. UAE 04/08 6 Baseline 24 satellite constellation in Medium Earth Orbit Global coverage, 24 hours a day, all weather conditions Satellites broadcast precise time and orbit information on L-band radio frequencies Two types of signals: –Standard (free of direct user fees) –Precise (U.S. and allied military) Three segments: –Space –Ground control –User equipment Global Positioning System (GPS)

7. UAE 04/08 7 GPS Constellation 13 Block IIA satellites 12 Block IIR satellites 6 Block IIR-M satellite –Transmitting new second civil signal (L2C) Continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch need –2 Block IIR(M) satellites remaining –Next launch: June 2008 Global GPS civil service performance commitment met continuously since December 1993 31 Operational Satellites As of 1 Apr 2008 (Baseline Constellation: 24) 31 Operational Satellites As of 1 Apr 2008 (Baseline Constellation: 24)

8. UAE 04/08 8 Ground Antenna Master Control Station (Schriever AFB) GPS Operational Control Segment (OCS) Ascension Diego Garcia Cape Canaveral Hawaii Kwajalein Schriever AFB Colorado S Korea Australia Bahrain S Africa England Argentina Ecuador Tahiti USNO Alaska Monitor Station NewZealand Vandenberg AFB California NGA Monitor Station OCS Monitor Station Ground AntennaFuture Monitor Station Master Control Station Backup Master Control Station

9. UAE 04/08 9 GPS Modernization – the Future Second civil signal “L2C” – Designed to meet commercial needs Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction – Began with GPS Block IIR-M in Sep 2005; 24 satellites: ~2014 Third civil signal “L5” – Designed to meet demanding requirements for transportation safety-of-life Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service (ARNS) band – Begins with GPS Block IIF – 1st launch: ~2008 (GPS IIR-M Demo); ~2009 (GPS IIF); 24 satellites: ~2016 Fourth civil signal “L1C” – Designed with international partners for GNSS interoperability – Begins with GPS Block III – First launch: ~2014; 24 satellites: ~2021

10. UAE 04/08 10 Continuous Performance Improvement Decreasing range error Performance Standard Year Key measures of effectiveness to evaluate GPS services –Accuracy –Bounded inaccuracy –Assured availability –Integrity –Resistance to RF interference/jamming Accuracy

11. UAE 04/08 11 U.S. Policy History 1978: First GPS satellite launched 1983: President offered free civilian GPS access to GPS 1996: Established joint civil/military GPS management 1997: Congress passes law providing civil GPS access free of direct user fees 2000: President set Selective Availability to “Zero” 2004: President issues U.S. Policy on Space-Based PNT 2007: President announces Selective Availability eliminated from future GPS III satellites

12. UAE 04/08 12 2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy No direct user fees for civil GPS services Open public signal structures for all civil services –Promotes equal access for user equipment manufacture, applications development and value-added services –Encourages open market-driven competition Encourage use of GPS time, geodesy and signal standards Promote global compatibility and interoperability of GNSS systems with GPS Protect the radionavigation spectrum from disruption and interference Recognition of national and international security issues and protect against misuse

13. UAE 04/08 13 2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy Recognizes the changing international scene –Other nations are implementing space-based systems that provide PNT services National Executive Committee for Space-Based PNT –Chaired by Deputy Secretaries of Defense and Transportation –Membership includes: State, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Homeland Security, Joint Chiefs of Staff and NASA Established National Coordination Office with staff from each member agency

14. UAE 04/08 14 WHITE HOUSE ADVISORY BOARD Sponsor: NASA ADVISORY BOARD Sponsor: NASA NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR SPACE-BASED PNT Executive Steering Group Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR SPACE-BASED PNT Executive Steering Group Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE Host: Commerce NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE Host: Commerce U.S. Space-Based PNT Structure GPS International Working Group Chair: State GPS International Working Group Chair: State Engineering Forum Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation Engineering Forum Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation Ad Hoc Working Groups Defense Transportation State Interior Agriculture Commerce Homeland Security Joint Chiefs of Staff NASA

15. UAE 04/08 15 U.S. Space-based PNT Advisory Board Conducts assessments; makes recommendations to the Executive Committee in support of national policy goals and objectives for space-based PNT Twenty-four members; 6 international members Met twice in 2007 Last meeting: 27-28 March 2008

16. UAE 04/08 16 Key Executive Committee Activities Five-Year National Space-Based PNT Plan –Summarizes EXCOM agency planning for development, acquisition, sustainment and modernization of U.S. space-based PNT systems Interference Detection and Mitigation Plan –Department of Homeland Security coordinating U.S. capabilities to detect and mitigate sources of interference to GPS and its augmentations National PNT Architecture –Provides national PNT framework/investment strategy to help guide future PNT system-of-systems investment – 2025 timeframe International Cooperation and Consultation –Compatibility and interoperability with other foreign systems Eight meetings since 2006

17. UAE 04/08 17 2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy International Relations Goals: U.S. space-based PNT systems and services remain essential components of internationally accepted services Promote U.S. technological leadership in applications involving space-based PNT services To achieve these goals, the U.S. shall: Encourage foreign development of PNT services/systems based on GPS –Seek to ensure foreign space-based PNT systems are interoperable with civil GPS and augmentations –At a minimum ensure compatibility Promote use of GPS and its augmentations, civil services and standards with foreign gov’ts and other int’l organizations

18. UAE 04/08 18 Existing and Future GNSS Global Constellations –GPS –GLONASS –Galileo* –Compass* Regional Constellations –QZSS* –IRNSS* Satellite-Based Augmentations –WAAS –EGNOS –MSAS* –GAGAN* *Future

19. UAE 04/08 19 Goal of Civil Interoperability Ideal interoperability provides users a PNT solution using signals from different GNSS systems: –No additional receiver cost or complexity –No degradation in performance GPS QZS GALILEO GLONASS Interoperable = Better Together Than Separate Example:

20. UAE 04/08 20 U.S. Objectives with Other GNSS Service Providers Ensure compatibility ― ability of U.S. and non-U.S. space based PNT services operating separately or together without interfering with each individual service or signal –Radio frequency compatibility –Spectral separation between M code and other signals Achieve interoperability – ability of civil U.S. and non- U.S. space-based PNT services operating together to provide better user capabilities than by relying on one service or signal –Primary focus on the common L1C and L5 signals Pursue through Bi-lateral and Multi-lateral Cooperation

21. UAE 04/08 21 Activity is divided among four working groups: –Radio frequency compatibility –Trade issues –Technological developments and future designs –Security issues Improved new civil signal (MBOC) adopted in July 2007 U.S. -- EU agreement signed in 2004 provides solid foundation for cooperation U.S. - Europe Cooperation June 26, 2004, press conference at U.S.-EU Summit in Ireland (U.S. Sec. of State Colin Powell, Irish Foreign Minister Brian Cowen, EU Vice-President Loyola De Palacio) ‏

22. UAE 04/08 22 International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG) ‏ Emerged from 3rd UN Conference on Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space - July 1999 –Promote the use of GNSS and its integration into infrastructures, particularly in developing countries –Encourage compatibility and interoperability among global and regional systems Members include: –GNSS providers (U.S., EU, Russia, China, India, Japan) –Other member states of the United Nations –International organizations/associations U.S. will host next ICG in Pasadena, CA - Dec 2008

23. UAE 04/08 23 Summary U.S. Space-based PNT effort progressing well in policy, programs and international outreach Implementation of 2004 U.S. Policy proceeding well U.S. space-based PNT system performance continue to imimprove into the future International cooperation is a top U.S. priority –Actively engaged in multi-lateral/bi-lateral consultations New GNSS applications emerging As new space-based GNSSs emerge, compatibility and interoperability is the key to “success for all”

24. UAE 04/08 24 Web-based Information PNT.gov established to provide a source for information about U.S. Space Based PNT Program including: –U.S. policy, Executive Committee membership, Advisory Board and frequently asked questions –Announcements about Selective Availability and offer letter to International Civil Aviation Organization –Recent public presentations GPS.gov established for public information about GPS applications –Available in English, French, Spanish, Arabic and Chinese –Brochures also available in hardcopy upon request –Links to various other Web sites

25. UAE 04/08 25 Contact Information Michael E. Shaw Director U.S. National Coordination Office Space-Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing 1401 Constitution Ave, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20230-0001 Ph: (202) 482-5809 Fax: (202) 482-4429 michael.shaw@pnt.gov This presentation and other GPS information: www.pnt.gov