2. 9 Weeks Test Review

3. Aristotle--- was the first to place living things into categories according to where they lived and if they had “blood”

4. LINNAEUS Linnaeus--- the “Father of Taxonomy” He came up with the two word naming system called binomial nomenclature

5. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE Binomial nomenclature---the two word naming system (Genus species)

6. TAXONOMY Taxonomy – the science of how living things are classified

7. YOU What is your scientific name? Homo sapiens What does it consist of? Genus and species How to write it correctly?Homo sapiens

8. LEVELS List the major levels of classification from highest/broadest to lowest/most specific Domain-Kingdom- Phylum-Class- Order-Family- Genus-Species Dumb king phillip chased old fat girl scouts

9. DOMAINS 3 Domains and characteristics of each 1Archaea – unicellular organisms that can live in harsh conditions; Prokaryotes 2Bacteria – unicellular organisms that are also Prokaryotes 3Eukarya – unicellular and multicellular Eukryotes

10. ANIMALS Characteristics of the animal kingdom – Animals are multicellular – many cells, heterotrophic (eat food), eukaryotes (have a nucleus)

11. HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis – a possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question Will more chocolate chips make cookies taste better?

12. Experiments Controlled experiment - An experiment in which only one variable is manipulated at a time

13. Controlled Variable. Controlled Variable – the variables that are not changed in an experiment

14. Operational Variable Operational Variable – how to measure a variable or define a term.

15. Manipulated or Independent Variable 3. Manipulated Variable – the only variable that is changed in an experiment – ex – chocolate chips!

16. Responding Variable Responding Variable – the factor that may change as a result of the manipulated variable EX - TASTE

17. CLASSIFYING Classifying – placing into groups based on criteria

18. Observing Observation – using your senses

19. Types of Observations Quantitative vs. qualitative observations – numbers vs no numbers

20. Homeostasis Allows organisms to maintain stable conditions!

21. THE ODDS & ENDS KINGDOM Cilia---Hairlike structures Used for movement/locomotion by some bacteria and protists PARAMECIUM Contractile vacuoles (some are star shaped)

22. Pseudopods Pseudo pods---false feet Used for movement/locomotion by Amoebas

23. Flagella Flagellum--- long whip like structures Used for movement by Euglena Flagellum!

24. DNA What is found in nucleus of cell? DNA – the genetic material Where is genetic material of a bacteria cell found? Loose in the cytoplasm

25. Virus 5. Draw and label the structure of a virus

26. How Viruses Multiply Active viruses enter cells and immediately begin to multiply, leading to the quick death of the invaded cells. - Viruses

27. Virus How are viruses like parasites?they harm the host Viruses can REPRODUCE like living things, but are not alive!

28. Bacteria Shapes Shapes of Bacteria--- spirilla (spiral), Cocci (spherical), and Bacilli (rod- shaped)

29. Sexual Reproduction Draw and explain conjugation Sexual reproduction in which genetic material is exchanged between 2 parents. The offspring is more genetically different than those produced by binary fission

30. Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission Asexual reproduction in which a cell splits and the offspring is identical to the parent

31. Eukaryotic cells Animal Cells are which type? Eukaryotic cells What is their outer covering?cell membrane

32. PRODUCER Producer – An organism that is at the base of the food chain that makes their own food. THE PRODUCERS HAVE THE MOST ENERGY IN THE FOOD PYRAMID AND WEB!

33. Consumers Consumer – An organism that cannot make their own food and must eat producers or other consumers

34. Definitions Prokaryotes – no true nucleus Eukaryotes – have a nucleus Autotrophs – make their food (producers) Heterotrophs – eat food (consumers

35. Food Chain Food Chain – shows the simple feeding relationship in a ecosystem

36. Food Web Food Web – the pattern of overlapping food chains in an ecosystem

37. Energy Pyramid Energy Pyramid – a diagram that shows how energy moves from one feeding level to another in a food web

38. Biology Biology – The study of living things

39. CELLS Unicellular – one cell Multicellular – many cells

40. Ecology The study of living things and how they interact with their environment!

41. Biotic/Abiotic Biotic factor – living things in the ecosystem Examples animals, plants Abiotic factor – nonliving part of an ecosystme Examples rocks, water, sunlight

42. Levels of Organization Organism – one individual – ex one prairie dog Population – the same species ex – all the prairie dogs in an area Community – all the populations - ex – all the dogs, rabbits, owls, etc Ecosystem – all the biotic and abiotic parts ex – animals, plants, weather, sunlight, rain, soil ex – desert ecosystem

43. Limiting Factor Limiting Factor any environmental factor that causes a population to decrease Examplesfood, water, living space, weather

44. Consumers Carnivore – meat eater Herbivore plant eater Omnivore eats plants and animals

45. Water Cycle

46. Nitrogen Cycle

47. Carbon Cycle