2. By: Charlie Schwartz

3.  Essential Question: What was the flail used for?  Used to break armor.  Close combat weapon.  Very versatile.  Used with momentum.  Applies tremendous force.  Mounted on a short staff.  Ball made of iron or steel.  Staff made of wood.  Bad for defense.  Knights version was lighter.

4.  Essential Question: What were daggers used for?  Used as a cutting or thrusting weapon.  Blade made of Iron or steel.  1 or 2 sided blades.  Lots of blade or hilt shapes.  Viewed as short swords.  Some had hand guards.  Earliest Knives.  Nicknamed “Roundels.”  Length around 6-20 in.  Close combat weapon.

5.  Essential Question: What was the ranged height of a longbow?  Six to 7 feet.  Made to measure.  Made of yew ash, hazel, and elm.  Effective against armor.  Travel over 250 yards.  Ranged weapons.  Wood protected by wax, resin, or tallow.  Welsh were the 1 st people in Britain to have them.  Skilled archer could release 10-12 arrows a min.  Arrows had a steel tip.

6.  Essential Question: Did traditional maces have one or two heads.  Had one head.  Close combat weapon  Used on horseback.  Head made of steel, iron, or bronze.  Simple cheap to make.  Applies tremendous force.  Handle made of steel or wood.  Did not require training.  Could break armor.  Peasant warriors used this.

7.  Essential Question: Were battle axes also used to throw?  Could throw it.  Designed for close combat.  Bludgeoning or cutting weapon  Could break armor.  Crescent shaped blade.  Needed no training.  Blade made of steel or iron.  Could have the blade double sided.  Mounted on short or long staff.  Used by lots of warriors in medieval times.

8.  Essential Question: What were crossbows made of?  Bow was made of wood, iron, or steel.  Span of 2 or 3 feet.  Ranged weapon.  Slow fire rate.  Expensive to make.  Could Break armor.  Easier than short or long bows.  Did not need training.  Could travel 300 yards.  Stock made of yew ash.

9.  Essential Question: What were catapults used for?  Used to hurl big objects.  Could break a castle wall.  Launched from a bowl shaped hull.  Expensive.  Effective.  Could kill a crowd of 6 men.  Ballista was another form of catapult.  Hurls anything.  Had wheels to roll on.  Over 20 ft high.

10.  Essential Question: What were battering rams used for?  To open castle gates by force.  Suspended by chains.  Put on a frame.  Body is mainly metal.  Frame mainly made of wood.  Put in slings.  First ones were logs.  Had wheels on the frame.  Hard to move around.  Required about 6 men to push.

11.  Essential Question: What is siege warfare?  Conflict between armed enemies.  Required strategies or plans.  Conducted by armed forces.  Involves communication.  Is called siege warfare because of catapults.  Crusades used siege warfare.  Used to take over a town or village.  Mainly for destruction.  Used to gain access.  Frequently occurred in middle ages.

12.  Essential Question: What was armor used for?  Used to protect warriors.  Used as weapon.  Hand had flexible leather.  Helmet had holes to breathe.  Knights always wore armor.  Came in either plates or chain mail.  Foot armor was called “sabatons.”  Incorrect sizing was bad to fight in.  Ankle and calf armor was called “greaves.”  Even horses had special armor.

13.  1. http://www.medieval-life-and-times.infohttp://www.medieval-life-and-times.info  2. http://www.encyclopedia.comhttp://www.encyclopedia.com  3. World History/McDougall Little/Rand McNally

14.  1. What were flails mainly used for?  2. What two metals were dagger blades mainly made of?  3. How far can an arrow travel from a longbow?  4. What kind of weapon is a mace classified as?  5. Can you throw a battle axe?  6. Can a crossbow break armor?  7.Can a catapult hurl pretty much anything?  8.About how many men did it require to push a battering ram?  9.Who conducted siege warfare?  10.Did horses have armor?