1. What type of cell is found in Bacteria and Archaea? prokaryotic

2. What cell type do all creatures besides Bacteria and Archaea have? eukaryotic

3. Define the term species and explain why a mule is not an example of a species? A species is a collection of individuals capable of successfully interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. A mule is not capable of reproducing

4. List the following about bacteria: cell type_________, number of cells per creature ____Reproduction methods_________________, Feeding Methods _______________ Important Cell Wall Ingredient Procaryotic 1 Asexual/conjugation Photosynthesis/chemosynthesis peptidolycan

5. What are the three main shapes of bacteria cells and the three main living arrangements of bacteria? CocciRoundDiploPairs BacilliRodStaphxloCluster SpirilliSpiralStreptochains

6. What is the difference in terms of the cell wall contents between a Gram Positive Bacteria and a Gram Negative Bacteria? Gram Positive Bacteria have lots of _ in the cell wall while Gram Negative Bacteria have very little __ in the cell wall. Peptidoglycon

7. After Gram staining what color do Gram Positive cells look? purple

8. After Gram staining what color do Gram Positive cells look? pink

9. What are four main features used to identify bacteria species? Shape Cell wall structure Food source RNA sequences

10. Why can’t bacteria reproduce sexually? They lack a true nuclei

11. What happens basically when bacteria reproduce by conjugation? How many bacteria does conjugation start with and how many does conjugation end with? More than one cell may be created – part or all of the genetic material is transferred to a cell the cell then divides by binary fission creating more cells

13. What basically happens when bacteria reproduce asexually Binary fission – genetic material is reproduced (copied) and the cell divides into two

14. What is an endospore? When would a capable bacteria create an endospore? It is a seed like structure containing DNA – it is dormant and is produced during unfavorable conditions- will come to life during favorable conditions

15. What is the name of the “jello” like material used to grow bacteria on? agar

16. What geometric shape do bacteria colonies grow in? Diplo pairs Staphlo – clusters Strepto - chains

17. What are antibiotics? What creatures can antibiotics kill? Agents that can work to prevent bacteria from growing. They kill bacteria.

18. What is antibiotic resistance? How does antibiotic resistance occur? Changes that make antibiotics ineffective. Genetic mutations give rise to antibiotic resistance.

19. Relate the story of the accidental discovery of antibiotics. Alexander Flemming – working an a bacteria noticed that a penecillin mould prevented the bacteria from growing Penicillin notatum – bacteria staphyloccus Principle of limited sloppiness

20. What are some of the extreme environments that members of the Kingdom Archaea live in? Hot springs Alkaline/acidic waters Volcanoes Hot coal Rock deep in the earth

21. Name three differences and two similarities between Kingdom Bacteria and Kingdom Archaea? Cell wall different structures Cell wall different chemical composition Different genes Both move via flagella Both have 3 shapes

22. Where do the following types of Archaea live and what do they do (See text page 138)? Methanogens Halophil Thermoacidophiles Methanogens – methane producing – oxygen free environment Salt loving – extremely saline environments Heat/ acid loving – extremely hot and acidic environments

23. Name three ways that Archaea and Bacteria either harm or benefit humanity? (See pgs 136-139)

24. What do the following words mean? (See page 134 in textbook) Aerobic Anaerobic Facultative Anaerobe Thermophile Aerobic – with oxygen Anaerobic – without oxygen Facultative anaerobic – with or without Thermophile – temp above 50 degrees

25. What does a taxonomist do?

26. What were the two Kingdoms in Aristotle’s classification system called? Plantae Anamalia

27. What Kingdom did Ernst Haeckel add? protista

28. Who is credited with the development of the 5 kingdom system of classification?

29. What are the names of the three domains and six kingdoms used in the present system of classification? How are these kingdoms and domains organized? Kingdoms – protista, anamalia, plantae, fungi, bacteria, archaea Domains – eukaryote, archaea, bacteria

30. EukaryaArchaeaBacteria ProtistaArchaeaBacteria Fungi Anamalia Plantae