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The 6 Kingdoms.

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Presentation on theme: "The 6 Kingdoms."— Presentation transcript:

1 The 6 Kingdoms

2 Classification Domain (recent addition)-Kingdom- Phylum -Class- Order- Family- Genus- Species 3 Domains Archaea Bacteria Eukarya 6 Kingdoms within the 3 Domains there are more, but we are going to focus on just the major 6 groupings

3 The two Kingdom System Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Plantae
All organisms that can move and use food for energy All animals Kingdom Plantae Things that could make their own food Plants Fungi (really cannot make own food) We did not know about microorganisms to even classify them!

4 The 5 Kingdom System Very recent classification
Monera- all prokaryotic cells Protista- Eukaryotic unicellular organisms, included algae Fungi- eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that are heterotrophic, have cell wall of chitin Plantae- eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic organisms, have cell wall of cellulose Animalia- eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with no cell wall

5 Relationship of the Domains
Although Archaea used to be classified as a bacteria, studies of physiology and morphology of cell reveals that they are as different from bacteria as we are they need a separate domain.

6 Most recent Classification

7 Naming the 6 Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae
Animalia

8 Archaebacteria [Prokaryote]
Cell walls without peptidoglycan (This makes them different from Eubacteria!) Unicellular Autotroph or Heterotroph Flagella for movement reproduce asexually (binary fission) Found in harsh environments (undersea volcanic vents, acidic hot springs, salty water) Subdivided into 3 groups based on their habitat --- methanogens (produce methane), thermoacidophiles (Like hot and acidic environments), & extreme halophiles (love salt!)

9 Halophiles (like salt)
Thermophiles (like heat)

10 Eubacteria [Prokaryote]
Cell walls made of peptidoglycan All are unicellular Most are heterotrophic (can’t make their own food) some are autotrophs Move with flagella reproduce asexually (binary fission) Come in 3 basic shapes --- cocci (spheres), bacilli (rod shaped), spirilla (corkscrew shape) Can be aerobic (require oxygen) or anaerobic (don’t need oxygen) and are unicellular Can be identified by Gram staining (gram positive or gram negative)

11 Eubacteria Staphylococcus aureus  Bacillus anthracis E. coli

12 Protista [Eukaryote] Cell walls with cellulose Most are unicellular
Some are autotrophs and have chloroplast and perform photosynthesis Some are heterotrophs that ingest small food particles & digest it inside food vacuoles containing digestive enzymes cilia, flagella & pseudopodia Can reproduce asexually or sexually Can be found in pond or stagnant water

13 Amoeba Rotifer Euglena Algae

14 Fungi [Eukaryote] Cell walls are made of chitin (a complex polysaccharide) Most are multi-cellular, but some are unicellular like yeast Most are saprobes – live on other dead organisms Non-motile [no movement] Can reproduce sexually or asexually Do not contain chlorophyll (They are NOT plants!!) Store food energy as glycogen Important decomposers & recyclers of nutrients in the environment Lack true roots, stems, & leaves

15 Mushrooms Mold Ringworm Yeast

16 Plantae [Eukaryote] Cell wall made of cellulose
All plants are multi-cellular Autotrophs – They trap energy from the sun by photosynthesis & store it in organic compounds No movement Reproduce sexually or asexually Contain chlorophyll inside of chloroplasts

17

18 Animalia [Eukaryote] Cells lack cell walls
All multi-cellular (metazoans) Heterotrophs (take in food & internally digest it) Can Move Reproduce sexually Show levels of organization including cell, tissue, organ, & system Cells are specialized for particular functions Cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

19

20 Ticket – Kingdoms Take out a sheet of paper and tear it in half
Ticket – Kingdoms Take out a sheet of paper and tear it in half. Share with a neighbor. You may use the notes you just took. Are you ready?

21 1. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celled My Cell wall is made of cellulose Protista

22 2. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am multi-cellular I don’t have a cell wall Animalia

23 3. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celled Protista

24 4. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celled My Cell wall is made of peptidoglycan Eubacteia

25 5. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am multi-cellular I can’t move Planate

26 6. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celled I am a halophile Archaebacteria

27 7. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celled I move by cilia Protista

28 8. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am multi-cellular Animalia

29 9. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am a thermoacidophile Archaebacteria

30 10. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I move by pseduopod Protista


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