1. Overview What's is micro grid Over view of electric grid
Why Micro grid
IDSM(Integrated Demand Side Management )
Transmission and Distribution Lines
Managed Grids Compared
Micro grids vs. ZNE
Technical and Operational Considerations
Summary

2. What is Micro grid
Means a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid and that connects and disconnects from such grid to enable it to operate in both grid- connected or Island Mode.

3. Definition

4. The Electric Grid Step up
Above 50,000 V to 1,000,000 V (50 kV to 1,000 kV)
Transmission
Sub-station
10,000 V (10 kV)
Step down
Distribution
120V – 240V
12,000 V (12 kV)
Generation
Step down
480V
Home
Business

5. Simple Micro grid Diagram

6. Why Micro grids? Generate electricity close to end-use
Generate electricity ‘behind the meter’
Natural gas hydrogen fuel cells
Produce base load power
Energy storage for load shape/shift
IDSM and Demand Response (DR)

7. Integrated Demand Side Management (IDSM)
The Strategic Plan recognizes the integration of demand-side management (DSM) options including energy efficiency (EE), demand response (DR), and distributed generation (DG) as fundamental to achieving California’s strategic energy goals.

8. Anatomy of a Micro grid Generation
Reliable and cost effective renewables
Fuels cells with waste heat recovery and optimization
Bi-directional inverter
Short and effective transmission.
Energy Storage by small loads.
Project finance and execution.
Simple Operation and maintenance.

9. Technical Considerations
Proper control of voltage/frequency /power quality
Protection schemes and modifications
Changes in power-flow magnitude and direction
Steady state and transient conditions
Reserve margins, load shedding, demand response, and cold load pickup

10. Operational Considerations
Safety
Protection coordination
Load to generation matching
Load (phase) imbalance
Micro grid communications, monitoring and dispatch (mini EDC)
Ongoing maintenance

11. Economic Considerations
Geographic dispersion of critical loads
Initial cost to install required facilities
Life of installed system may vary and is important
Monitoring and control of installed system
Maintenance and troubleshooting of installed system
Generation must be capable of continuous operation
Non-Micro grid and Micro grid customer impacts

12. Transmission and Distribution Lines
Typical transmission land distribution structures for electric power systems. 500KV and 230KV are part of the transmission system, 138KV, 69KV, and 7-13KV are part of the distribution system.

13. Micro grids vs. ZNE MG => self-contained energy
Never run out, excess is stored
ZNE is over production, balancing
Fuel cells can cover base load
PV can cover peak demand energy
NOTE :-ZNE() is a model for distributed generation and emissions reduction

14. Energy Management
Energy Management Is a System In Which Generation, Transmission, Distribution are include and also their Voltage.
In Generation normally voltage is 11KV,33KV.
In Transmission normally voltage is 132kv,220kv,66kv,33kv.
In Distribution voltage is 11kv,400volt,230volt.

15. Summary
Micro grids provide a measure of energy control and autonomy from the grid
Running a micro grid is a large financial investment, and requires technical skills
Distributed Generation, energy storage, and active load management => IDSM
An emerging electricity model blends the best of micro grids, DG, and active IDSM

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